Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule / Tumor neuroendocrino ileal: diagnóstico por cápsula endoscópica

The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine is usually challenging. They are infrequent, and the clinical course is insidious with nonspecific manifestations. Routine endoscopic and abdominal imaging studies are more often unremarkable. Therefore, distant metastases are frequently detected at the time of diagnosis. The tumor markers chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and capsule endoscopy, and device-assisted enteroscopy are useful resources to establish a diagnosis. The aim was to present a case of neuroendocrine tumor of small intestine diagnosed with base in findings of the capsule endoscopy and further open surgery.

El diagnóstico de tumores neuroendocrinos del intestino delgado suele ser un desafío. Son infrecuentes y el curso clínico es insidioso con manifestaciones inespecíficas. Los estudios de imágenes endoscópicos y abdominales de rutina suelen ser anodinos. Por tanto, las metástasis a distancia se detectancon frecuencia en el momento del diagnóstico. Los marcadores tumorales cromogranina A, sinaptofi-sina y enolasa neuronal específica, y la cápsula endoscópica y la enteroscopía asistida por dispositivo son recursos útiles para establecer un diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso de tumor neuroendocrino de intestino delgado diagnosticado con base en hallazgos de la cápsula endoscópica y de una nueva cirugía abierta.

Thoracic duct lymphangioma and chylous ascites in a 24-year-old female

Lymphangiomas are rare and correspond to 0.7% to 4.0% of mediastinal tumors, and isolated mediastinal location occurs in 1% of cases. They are benign tumors that originate from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic vessels and are diagnosed more frequently in children less than 2 years of age. Chylous ascites is a clinical manifestation of thoracic duct lymphangioma and is composed of lymph accumulation caused by dilation of this lymphatic channel. It appears milky in the peritoneal cavity, containing triglyceride levels higher than 200 mg/dl. We report the case of a young patient with chylous ascites and lymphangioma of the thoracic duct, who was conservatively treated with octreotide and a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides.

Mycobacterium abscessus urinary tract infection: case report / Infecção urinária por Mycobacterium abscessus: relato de caso

Abstract Urinary tract infection is a serious public health issue that predominantly affects women. In men, it is more often associated with prostatic hyperplasia and bladder catheterization. Urogenital tuberculosis presents with nonspecific with nonspecific symptoms and the diagnosis can be made in the presence of sterile leukocyturia and recurrent infection with acid urine. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria or other non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens that inhabit the soil, water or environment surfaces, and usually cause diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Mycobacterium abscessus is an agent that causes lung, skin and soft tissue hospital infections. Urinary tract infections by this pathogen are rare.

Resumo Infecção do trato urinário é um sério problema de saúde pública que acomete predominantemente as mulheres. Em homens, está mais relacionada com hiperplasia prostática e cateterismo vesical. A tuberculose urogenital cursa com sintomas inespecíficos e o diagnóstico pode ser aventado na presença de leucocitúria estéril, e infecção recorrente com urina ácida. Micobactérias não tuberculosas ou mycobacteria other than tuberculosis são patógenos oportunistas que habitam o solo, a água ou superfícies do meio ambiente, e geralmente causam doenças em imunodeprimidos. Mycobacterium abscessus é um agente que causa infecções nosocomiais, pulmonares, de pele e de tecidos moles. Infecção urinária decorrente desse patógeno é considerada rara.

Endemia do tabagismo no Brasil / Smoking endemic disease in Brazil

Comentários sobre o artigo de Rabahi e Alcântara, sob o título "Tendência temporal da endemia do tabagismo no Brasil", no qual os autores analisaram o papel desse grave problema de saúde pública na morbimortalidade por doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares e neoplásicas. (AU)

Comments about the article by Rabahi and Alcântara, entitled "The temporal trend of the smoking endemic disease in Brazil", in which the authors analised the role of this severe problem of public health on the morbidity and mortality by respiratory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. (AU)

Pneumonia in a patient with lung cancer / Pneumonia em paciente com câncer pulmonar

The aim of the present report is to alert health care workers about a 64­year­old patient diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in the right lung treated with pemetrexed disodium, cisplatin and dexamethasone. He evolved with prolonged neutropenia, symptoms of lower airways infection, and recent pulmonary infiltrate in the radiographic image. The cultures for bacteria and mycobacteria in the blood and sputum were negative. Because of the lack of response to treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and maintenance of neutropenia, a transbronchial biopsy was performed, which demonstrated infection by Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient was treated.

O objetivo do presente relato é alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre o caso de um paciente de 64 anos de idade com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma no pulmão direito tratado com pemetrexede dissódico, cisplatina e dexametasona. Ele evoluiu com neutropenia prolongada, sintomas de infecção de vias aéreas inferiores e infiltrado pulmonar recente na imagem radiográfica. As culturas para bactérias e micobactérias no sangue e escarro foram negativas. Por falha na resposta ao tratamento com antibióticos de largo espectro e manutenção da neutropenia, foi realizada biópsia transbrônquica que demonstrou infecção por Aspergillus fumigatus e o paciente foi tratado.

Caput Medusae due to portal hypertension in schistosomiasis mansoni / Cabeza de Medusa debida a la hipertensión portal en esquistosomiasis mansoni

A 62-year-old Brazilian man who lived in endemic areas of tropical diseases had an episode of hematemesis associated with portal hypertension. He used to swim in natural ponds during childhood and developed the hepatosplenic form of schistossomiasis with moderate ascites, in addition to the characteristic features of abdominal Caput Medusae. The aim of the report is highlight the role of chronic liver disease and schistossomiasis

Un hombre natural de Brasil de 62 años de edad que vivía en zonas endémicas de enfermedades tropicales presentó un episodio de hematemesis asociada con hipertensión portal. Frecuentemente se bañaba en los estanques naturales durante la infancia y desarrolló la forma hepatosplénica de la esquistosomiasis con ascitis moderada, además de los rasgos abdominales característicos de la Cabeza de Medusa. El objetivo del informe es poner de relieve el papel de la enfermedad hepática crónica y de la esquistosomiasis

Achados Ecocardiográficos em Pacientes com Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário / Echocardiographic Findings in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyreoidism

Doenças cardiovasculares são frequentes no curso da insuficiência renal crônica, constituem importante causa de óbito, e causam 1/3 das hospitalizações de doentes dialíticos. Hiperparatireoidismo secundárioé o distúrbio metabólico mais comum na insuficiência renal, cuja fisiopatologia envolve alterações no equilíbriodo cálcio, fósforo, calcitriol e paratormônio. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações ecocardiográficas em pacientes renais crônicos com hiperparatireoidismo secundário, de acordo com níveis plasmáticos de paratormônio.Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado com base em dados registrados em prontuários entre 2005 e 2007,incluindo 52 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com doença renal crônica em programa regular de diálise, estratificados com base nos níveis plasmáticos de paratormônio em três grupos: Grupo I ≤ 299pg/mL (n=10); Grupo II entre 300-499 pg/mL (n=21); e Grupo III ≥500 pg/mL (n=21). Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros ecocardiográficos: diâmetros da raiz da aorta, do átrio esquerdo e dos ventrículos; espessuras do septo e da parede posterior; fração de ejeção; e volumes diastólico e sistólico finais.Resultados: A análise comparativa dos achados ecocardiográficos nos três grupos revelou que a única variávelque apresentou significância estatística (p 0,009) foi a espessura diastólica da parede posterior. Conclusão: Doentes renais crônicos com hiperparatireoidismo secundário podem apresentar alteraçõesecocardiográficas, algumas das quais apresentam correlação com níveis circulantes de paratormônio....

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are frequent in the course of chronic kidney disease, are an important cause of death, and cause 1/3 of hospitalizations of patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the most common metabolic disorder in kidney failure. Its pathophysiology involves changes in the balance of calcium, phosphorus, calcitriol and parathyroid hormone. Objective: To assess the prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic kidney disease patients with secondaryhyperparathyroidism, according to plasma levels of parathyroid hormone.Methods: Retrospective study conducted based on data recorded in medical records between 2005 and 2007, including 52 individuals of both sexes with chronic kidney disease on a regular dialysis program, stratified based on plasma levels of parathyroid hormoneinto three groups: Group I ≤ 299pg/mL (n=10); Group II between 300-499 pg/mL (n=21); and Group III ≥500 pg/mL (n=21).We evaluated the following echocardiographic parameters: aortic root diameter, left atrial and ventricular diameter; septal and posteriorwall thickness; ejection fraction; and end diastolic and systolic volumes. Results: The comparative analysis of the echocardiographic findings in the three groups revealed that the only variable presenting statistical significance (p 0.009) was diastolic posterior wall thickness. Conclusion: Patients with chronic kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism may present echocardiographic changes, some of which correlate with circulating levels of parathyroid hormone...

Hombre de 65 años con dolor lumbar crónico y cambios en la aortografía / A 65-year-old man with chronic lumbar pain and changes in aortography

A 65-year-old male with medical history of hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension well controlled by glibenclamide, and amlodipine plus enalapril for about a decade was referred to our service because of the recent fndings in aortography (Figure 1: A, B, and C). He was not a smoker, neither a heavy alcohol drinker, and had chronic lumbar pain related to degenerative spondyloarthropathy. Previous imaging studies had showed narrowing of the disc space and reduction of the diameter of spinal canal on L4 and L5. During evaluation of control, an incidental image was observed in the right side of his pelvis, and the aortography was done. On presentation, BMI was 33 kg/m2, temperature was 36°C, blood pressure was 120x80 mmHg, with 80 bpm and 14 irpm, and there were no signifcant physical fndings on abdominal region. Laboratory fndings (normal ranges) revealed unremarkable blood counts and thyroid function; total cholesterol 289 (<200 mg/dL), HDL 54 (30-60 mg/ dL), LDL 206 (100-190 mg/dL), and tryglicerides 147 (<180 mg/dL); glucose 70 (70-99 mg/dL), uric acid 8.7 (2.5-7.0 mg/dL), urea 57 (14-50 mg/dL) with creatinine clearance 129.6 (≥129 ml/min); and PSA 0.5 (<4.0 ng/mL). After a successful open invasive procedure, he was discharged to outpatient.

Varón de 65 años con antecedentes médicos de hiperlipidemia, diabetes tipo 2. mellitus, e hipertensión arterial bien controlada por glibenclamida, y Amlodipine plus enalapril durante aproximadamente una década se refirió a nuestro servicio debido a los hallazgos recientes en aortografía (Figura 1: A, B y C). No era un fumador, ni un gran bebedor de alcohol, y tenía Dolor lumbar relacionado con espondiloartropatía degenerativa. Anterior Los estudios de imagen han mostrado estrechamiento del espacio discal y reducción. del diámetro del canal espinal en L4 y L5. Durante la evaluación del control, se observó una imagen incidental en el lado derecho de su pelvis, y la Se realizó una aortografía. En la presentación, el IMC fue de 33 kg / m2, temperatura. fue de 36 ° C, la presión arterial fue de 120x80 mmHg, con 80 bpm y 14 irpm, y no hubo hallazgos físicos significativos en la región abdominal. Los hallazgos de laboratorio (rangos normales) revelaron recuentos sanguíneos sin complicaciones y la función tiroidea; colesterol total 289 (<200 mg / dL), HDL 54 (30-60 mg / dL), LDL 206 (100-190 mg / dL) y tryglicerides 147 (<180 mg / dL); glucosa 70 (70-99 mg / dL), ácido úrico 8.7 (2.5-7.0 mg / dL), urea 57 (14-50 mg / dL) con aclaramiento de creatinina 129.6 (≥129 ml / min); y PSA 0.5 (<4.0 ng / mL). Después un procedimiento invasivo abierto exitoso, fue dado de alta como paciente ambulatorio