RESUMEN
Background: The paring of tympanic membrane is usually done by doing myringoplasty with temporal is fascia graft. Methods: A newer technique of butterfly cartilage underlay grafting has been used in 50 patients with small to moderate size safe perforation. Results: The result of the study would be analysed for hearing improvement and graft uptake. Hearing gain of 0-5 dB was observed in 4 patients, 6-10 dB in 3 patients, 11-15 dB in 14 patients, 16-20 dB in 22 patients and 21-25 dB in 7 patients. Conclusion: Butterfly cartilage myringoplasty is a very good technique for closure of small to moderate size central perforations.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Breast USG is an established and accurate tool for the primary evaluation of breast lumps and pathology. It also compliments X- ray mammography in further evaluation and characterization of breast masses and thus avoids surgeries in benign breast diseases and pathology. Method: For USG examination of the breast lumps, a linear-array transducer of 5-7 MHz frequency is required with a good resolution machine. Results: We present a pictorial essay on the role of USG in evaluation and characterization of various breast lumps and pathology. Conclusion: Breast sonography considerably improves the visualization and evaluation of lumps in mammographically radiodense breasts and helpful in the characterization of it, either as solid or cystic lesion. It also improves the specifi city of X-ray mammography when used as an adjunct to it. It is also helpful in guiding FNAC/biopsy from the breast masses.