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Objective: Aim of the present research work was to develop a sensitive, rapid and accurate, stability-indicating RP-UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in formulations. Methods: The chromatographic separation of the mixture of tezacaftor and ivacaftor was attained in isocratic method utilizing a mobile phase of 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the proportion of 50:50%v/v utilizing a HSS C18 column which has dimensions of 100×2.1 mm, 1.7 m particle size and the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection system was monitored at 292 nm wavelength maximum with 1.5 ml injection volume. The present method was validated as per the guidelines given by the ICH for specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity and precision. Results: The retaining time for tezacaftor and ivacaftor were achieved at 1.071 min and 0.530 min, respectively. Tezacaftor, ivacaftor and their combined drug formulation were exposed to thermal, acidic, oxidative, photolytic, and alkaline conditions. The developed method was highly sensitive, rapid, precise and accurate than the earlier reported methods. The total run time was decreased to 2.0 min; hence, the technique was more precise and economical. Stability studies directed for the suitability of the technique for degradation studies of tezacaftor and ivacaftor. Conclusion: The projected method can be utilized for routine analysis in the quality control department in pharmaceutical trades.
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Introduction: Thyroid nodules are common. They can beeither benign or malignant. Solitary thyroid nodules have a highlikelihood of being malignant. They should be characterizedproperly for optimum management. Study aimed to find theincidence of malignancy in solitary nodule thyroid.Material and Methods: 54 patients aged between 18 and75 years who underwent solitary thyroid nodules surgeryfrom January 2018 until December 2018 were included.Data collection by meticulous history taking and clinicalexamination, appropriate laboratory and radiologicalinvestigations, operative findings, histopathological report,and follow-up of cases.Results: the Adenomatous colloid goiters were observed in16 patients (30%), followed by Nodular goiter in 10 patients(18.5%). In the present series, papillary carcinoma is thecommonest malignancy of Solitary Thyroid Nodule 8 (80%)of the total of 10 malignancies.Conclusion: Solitary nodule is more common in females.The most common malignancy in solitary nodule thyroid ispapillary carcinoma FNAC is an important investigation in theevaluation of the solitary nodule of thyroid.
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Fortified rice analogues can be manufactured using broken rice flour to suit the nutrient needs of target malnourished populations whose staple food is rice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility of fortifying rice analogues with iron and zinc. The fortificant mix was formulated to furnish 6.34 mg of iron and 2.10 mg of zinc per 100 g of broken rice flour. Iron fortificant used as micronised ferric pyrophosphate (MFPP) and zinc fortificant as zinc oxide (ZNO). Fortified extruded rice analogues were developed by extrusion technology. The physical properties of the fortified rice analogues were analysed. The length and weight of the fortified extruded rice analogues were 6.0 to 6.1mm and 0.034 to 0.035 g. The bulk density was ranged from 0.90 to 0.96 g/ml. The water absorption index was ranged from 2.31 to 2.33g/g and soluble loss was found to be 0.13 to 0.14 g/g. The physical properties of the rice analogues was found to be non significant (p<0.05) between the treatments (p<0.05). Colour measurement revealed that rice analogues fortified with MFPP had significant (p<0.05) colour differences, compared to analogues fortified with ZNO. However, MFPP, when combined with ZNO, had produced visual appearance closest to the unfortified rice analogue. The iron and zinc content of the unfortified broken rice flour (before extrusion) was 0.80 mg and 1.35 mg/100g. The iron and zinc content of the corresponding fortified rice analogues (after extrusion) were 7.13 mg and 3.35 mg/100g thus recording an iron and zinc retention of 99.85 and 99.70% respectively hence no significant difference (p<0.05) was found between fortified rice flour and fortified rice analogues. Sensory analysis revealed, no significant difference (p<0.05) for aroma, moistness, stickiness and texture, while the significant difference for appearance, firmness and overall acceptance. The study revealed that the rice analogues fortified with MFPP and ZNO could be used in food fortification programs and also could serve as a micronutrient enriched food to target malnourished populations whose staple food is rice.