Oral melanin pigmentation in smoked and smokeless tobacco users in India. Clinico-pathological study.

Tobacco used as smoked and smokeless form induces oral mucosal changes in which intra-oral mucosal pigmentation is one of the clinical manifestations. The melanocyte activity responsible for pigment changes is not well documented in the literature. The present study is undertaken to observe clinical and histological changes in oral buccal and labial mucosa of 41 tobacco users and compared with 8 controls. 95.24% of smokers showed pigmentation of both labial and buccal mucosa. Labial mucosa showed a high degree fo pigmentation (81%) than the buccal mucosa (33.3%). 93.3% of alcoholics showed a high degree of pigmentation. Hypermelanocytosis and melanosis were observed in smokers. Pigmentation at the site of quid placement was absent in smokeless tobacco users but mild pigmentation was observed away from the site of quid placement with the concurrent increase in the number of melanocytes and melanocytic activity.

Intra-oral hypermelanosis in an HIV sero-positive patient--a case report.

A 32 year old HIV sero positive male patient reported to the Ragas Dental College Annexure at Voluntary Health Services Hospital, Chennai for evaluation of oral health status. He had no history of any drug or tobacco usage. Intra oral examination revealed pigmentation in the buccal mucosa on both sides, which was increasing over the past six months. Histopathologic evaluation of the hyper pigmented lesion was done, using routine Haematoxylin & Eosin and Masson-Fontana stains. The hyper pigmentation was observed to be as a result of increased melanin production in the epithelium. The pathogenesis of hypermelanosis intra-orally in HIV sero-positive patients is discussed in this article.