RESUMEN
Onion (Allium cepa L.) weed interference lowers bulb yield and financial return for onion growers who pay for labour. During the Rabi seasons of 2011–12 and 2012–13, a field experiment was worked out at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramanagudem, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari District, A.P to examine the effects of pre and post emergence herbicides on the economics of onion cv.N–53. Ten pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments (Pendimethalin, Oxyflourfen, Imazethapyr, and Quizalofopethyle) and their combinations, reproduced in a random block design, made up the experiment. Significantly, T9 (weed free-hand weeding at 30, 60, and 90 DAT) outperformed the other treatments in terms of gross and net returns, which was followed by T8 (Oxyfluorfen 0.125 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofopethyl @ 75g a.i per hectareas POE) and T6 (Pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 a.iper hectare). When compared to T6 (Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.iper hectare as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE), T8 (Oxyfluorfen @ 0.125 kg a.iper hectareas PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE) had a considerably greater B:C ratio. Hand weeding made farming more expensive. This suggested that chemical weed treatment was used to obtain the most profit per acre.
RESUMEN
Background & objectives: Radioiodine (131I) or radioactive iodine in low doses is used worldwide as the first line of management in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Information is available on the extent and severity of cell damage after a high dose radioiodine (131I) therapy for thyroid cancer, but information is scanty on its cellular effects, its extent and severity of cell damage after a low dose 131I therapy. The present investigation was aimed to study the cytotoxic effects of a low dose 131I therapy in varying doses as is normally being used in routine clinical practice in the treatment of various forms of hyperthyroidism. Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in 32 hyperthyroid patients. All of them received 131I in the form of sodium iodide solution orally. Blood lymphocytes were studied for the presence of chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micro nucleus (MN) using micronucleus assay. Blood samples of these patients were drawn prior to the treatment, on 7 thand 30 thdays after the treatment. Results: The results indicated a positive relationship between 131I dose, CA and MN frequency. A statistically significant increase in CA and MN frequency in day 7 post- therapy and a decrease in mean levels of CA and MN on day 30 post-therapy were observed when compared to pre-therapy. Interpretation & conclusions: This study showed that the cytogenetic damage induced by 131I in low doses i.e., less than 555MBq was minimal and reversible. Patients can be motivated to undertake this safe and easy procedure as a first line of therapy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.