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Background: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor for development of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ocimum sanctum (OS) and metformin have shown to have antihyperlipidaemic effects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of OS and Metformin on body weight & plasma lipid levels of high fat diet fed diabetic ratsMethods: Total of 30 male wistar rats (100-150gm) were obtained. Animals were fed with a high fat diet throughout the study (6 weeks). Diabetes was induced by using single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin 50mg/kg at the end of 4 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group 1- Diabetic control, was given vehicle orally. Group 2- O.S. ethanolic extract 100mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 3- O.S. ethanolic extract 200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 4- Metformin 100mg/day for 14 daysResults: At the end of 4 weeks, body weight of rats were significantly increased (p <0.05). Maximum weight gain was seen in control group whereas weight gain was least in O.S. 200mg/kg group (p >0.05). Decrease in body weight was seen in metformin group. Abdominal circumference of rats also showed similar pattern (p >0.05). OS 200 caused significant reduction in serum LDL levels (p <0.05) and significant rise of serum HDL levels (p <0.05) as compared to control group. Metformin also favourably affected the lipid profile and its effects were not significantly different from effects of OS 200 (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Present study revealed that Ocimum Sanctum caused significant reduction in serum lipid levels in high fat diet fed diabetic rats. Metformin also exhibited antihyperlipidaemic activity. So, it is concluded that OS or metformin alone or in combination could be a novel adjunct to diet and life style modification for the management of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm the antidyslipidaemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum.
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Background: To compare level of satisfaction of the patients receiving ramosetron and ondansetron in prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin chemotherapy.Methods: 60 patients were recruited in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to ramosetron (R) and ondansetron group (O). Patients were screened between day 1 and day 7. Study visits included clinic visits on day 8, day 9 and day 14. Patient diaries were used to record patients’ global satisfaction which was based on severity of nausea and vomiting using visual analogue scale (VAS), recorded daily until day 12 starting from day 8. On 14th day the patient diary cards were collected back.Results: VAS score was significantly lower in R group (46.2±4.95) as compared to O group (63.7±5.06) (p<0.01) in acute phase of nausea and vomiting indicating level of satisfaction higher in R group. Similarly, in delayed and overall phase R group (49.57±14.63 and 48.9±12.91 respectively) experienced lower range of scoring on VAS scale as compared to O group (63.0±8.49 and 63.10±7.38 respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: Level of overall satisfaction of the patients in R group was significantly higher as compared to O group in patients receiving the two drugs for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin chemotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.
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Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus with a growing incidence. Therefore, it is essential to have a better understanding of it, especially in relation to prevention and aggressive management to avoid progression to end-stage renal disease. Methods: This prospective randomized study represented the effects of ramipril on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver function tests (LFT), mean arterial blood pressure, and serum potassium level in patients diagnosed with DN, with concomitant mild to moderate hypertension. 135 diagnosed patients with DN treated with ramipril 5 mg daily for 3 months were involved in this study. Blood samples were taken from all patients and analyzed for HbA1c, LFT including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin with serum potassium level. After 3 months of treatment with ramipril (5 mg daily), blood samples were collected and analyzed again to determine the same parameters. Results: Ramipril produced a signifi cant reduction in (HbA1c) of hypertensive patients (p<0.05), whereas, serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin were signifi cantly elevated. The results indicated that ramipril may cause liver injury. Meanwhile, the mean arterial pressure was decreased signifi cantly by ramipril (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that: ramipril signifi cantly reduced the percentage of HbA1c but may cause liver injury, monitoring of liver enzymes is advisable for patients on ramipril.
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Background And Objectives: Obesity is increasing worldwide as an epidemic. Recent advances in biology of adipose tissue have revealed that adipose tissue in addition to its role as an energy reservoir, modulates energy metabolism via secretion of circulating adipocytokines. Leptin is one such adipocytokine which is essential for body weight homeostasis. There exists complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors in obesity. Various studies have shown genetic influence of parental fatness in childhood obesity but the effect of parental obesity in adult obesity as well as leptin level is not clear, therefore present study was aimed to determine whether parental obesity might contribute to adult obesity as well as serum leptin levels in obese adults. Material and Methods: Study consisted of forty five obese adults with Body Mass Index≥27 and control group included forty five lean adults with Body Mass Index≤22. Information regarding parental obesity was obtained from each participant in a prestructured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from both groups and serum leptin levels were measured by Radioimmunoassay. Results: About 62 percent of case group was found to have parental history of obesity. In contrast 29 percent subjects in control group had obese parents. Moreover, the mean of serum leptin levels in obese adults with history of obese parents was significantly higher than obese adults without the history of obese parents (males:19.26±2.69 vs 15.75±2.19,p=0.04 and females: 37.0±7.55 vs26.86±3.72,p =0.02). Conclusion: Parental obesity plays an important role in obesity and serum leptin level during adulthood.
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Incidence of lactic acidosis caused by metformin is rare but this can occur in renal compromised individuals because of metformin accumulation. The drug enters the liver through organic cationic transporter 1(OCT1) and reduces oxygen consumption in mitochondria resulting in reduced lactate clearance and lactic acidosis. In the present study, we investigated that inhibition of the transport of metformin in the liver could reduce the blood lactate levels. Eighteen healthy male albino rats were selected for the study. Group 1- control group included 6 rats, they were given normal saline for 10 days by i.p injection. Group 2- Twelve rats were induced nephrotoxicity by gentamicin at the doses of 40mg/kg given by i.p. route . Group 3- six rats from group 2 were given metformin according to human doses of 1000mg/day and group 4- included six rats from group 2 received metformin and prazosin at subtherapeutic dose i.e. according to 1mg/day human dose. Blood urea, serum creatinine and total urinary albumin were found to be significantly.