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Background@#This study aimed to examine the caregiver burden in families who took care of adult burn survivors and to explore various risk factors to impact family caregiver burden. @*Methods@#Data were collected from November 2021 to February 2022 through an online survey and study participants were 92 caregivers of adult burn survivors aged 19 years or over. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions were used for data analyses. @*Results@#Study participants showed medium levels of psychosocial characteristics including depressive symptoms, psychological wellbeing post-traumatic changes, and social support along with family caregiver burden.Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that sex (B=-0.34, P<0.05), marital status (B=0.38, P<0.05), depressive symptoms (B=0.53, P<0.001), and social support (B=-0.21, P<0.05) were the major factors to impact family caregiver burden. In other words, being female, being married, having high depressive symptoms, or having low social support contributed to increasing the level of caregiver burden. @*Conclusions@#Based on the study findings, we discussed practical intervention measures for reducing the burden of family caregivers of burn survivors.
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Despite the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness, no practical method exists to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) without a specific exercise protocol. We developed an estimation model of VO₂max, using maximal activity energy expenditure (aEEmax) as a new feature to represent the level of physical activity. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and acceleration data were recorded for 4 days in 24 healthy young men, and reference VO₂max levels were measured using the maximal exercise test. aEE was calculated using the measured acceleration data and body weight, while heart rate (HR) was extracted from the ECG signal. aEEmax was obtained using linear regression, with aEE and HR as input parameters. The VO₂max was estimated from the aEEmax using multiple linear regression modeling in the training group (n = 16) and was verified in the test group (n = 8). High correlations between the estimated VO₂max and the measured VO₂max were identified in both groups, with a 15-hour recording being sufficient to produce a highly accurate VO₂max estimate. Additional recording time did not significantly improve the accuracy of the estimation. Our VO₂max estimation method provides a robust alternative to traditional approaches while only requiring minimal data acquisition time in daily life.
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Humanos , Masculino , Aceleración , Peso Corporal , Electrocardiografía , Metabolismo Energético , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Modelos Lineales , Métodos , Actividad Motora , Consumo de OxígenoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The studies concerning the clinical features of patients with anaphylaxis, who meet the newly established diagnostic criteria, are reported in Korea, but comparative studies regarding the clinical features of children and adult patients with anaphylaxis are lacking. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical features of the children and adults with anaphylaxis, who meet the new diagnostic criteria at a single hospital. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, urticaria, and angioedema, including inpatients, outpatients and emergency room visited patients, at the National Medical Center from July, 2005 to August, 2011. The clinical characteristics of children and adults, who met the new diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis, were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 91 patients with anaphylaxis. Sixteen were children and 75 were adults. The sex ratio (male:female) and the mean age were 1:1.7 and 9.6 years among children, respectively, and 1:2.3 and 42.3 years, respectively, among adults. The most common cause of anaphylaxis based on clinical history was foods in 15 children (93.7%) and 35 adults (46.7%). Twelve children (75%) and 36 adults (48%) were rediagnosed with anaphylaxis. Patients with cardiovascular symptoms and severe severity were 1 (6.3%) and 1 (6.3%), respectively, among children, and 28 (37.3%) and 23 (30.3%), respectively, among adults. CONCLUSION: We rediagnosed some cases of anaphylaxis, using the new diagnostic criteria and most of the cases were diagnosed initially as urticaria or angioedema. The adults had more severe and more cardiovascular symptoms than children. In the future, a nationwide, multiinstitutional research will be necessary for the prevalence and the clinical features of anaphylaxis by the new diagnostic criteria in Korea.
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Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Anafilaxia , Angioedema , Urgencias Médicas , Pacientes Internos , Corea (Geográfico) , Registros Médicos , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Prevalencia , Razón de Masculinidad , UrticariaRESUMEN
In 2008, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that about 430,000 children worldwide became infected with HIV, mostly through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breast-feeding. The MTCT prevention program proved to be feasible and effective in reduction of perinatal HIV transmission. Three babies born from HIV-infected mothers were admitted to the National Medical Center in 2009. Only two women received antiretroviral (ARV) therapy during pregnancy, labor, and after delivery, and their infants received zidovudine (AZT) for 6 weeks. The outcome, after a follow-up period of 4 months to 16 months, was favorable in all patients. Thus, we emphasize the need for expansion of antenatal HIV screening of pregnant women, implemented for early HIV diagnosis and effective ARV therapy for reduction of perinatal HIV transmission.
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Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Estudios de Seguimiento , VIH , Articulaciones , Tamizaje Masivo , Madres , Mujeres Embarazadas , Naciones Unidas , ZidovudinaRESUMEN
The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been used as an important dietary assessment tool in epidemiologic studies, but the usefulness of the FFQ has been debated in recent years. This study was performed to evaluate the relative validities of 3-day food records and the semi-quantitative FFQ. A total of 124 subjects finished 3-day food records (FRs) during each of the four seasons, as well as the FFQ from December 2002 to May 2004. The FFQ was a food based semi-quantitative FFQ including 103 items. Three-day FRs from each season and a randomly selected season were compared with the remaining 9-day FRs. The remaining 9-day FRs, as a reference measurement, were also compared with the FFQ. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the 3-day FRs and the 9-day FRs were between 0.14 and 0.56. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and the 9-day FRs ranged between 0.07 and 0.41. Average proportions of classification into the same quartiles, adjacent quartiles, and distant quartiles between the 3-day FRs and the 9-day FRs were 35.8%, 40.5%, and 5.2%, respectively. On average, the proportions of classification into the same quartiles, adjacent quartiles, and distant quartiles between the FFQ and the 9-day FRs were 31.1%, 39.4%, and 6.9%, respectively. Three-day FRs showed higher correlations and higher agreement proportions of quartile classification with the 9-day FRs than did the FFQ, but both relative validities of 3-day FRs and the FFQ appear to be acceptable as dietary assessment tools. Further studies for validating food intake by reliable biomarkers are necessary.
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Biomarcadores , Ingestión de Alimentos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the foods intake as well as nutrients intake, 2) the nutritional knowledge, and 3) the relations between the foods and nutrients intakes and nutritional knowledge in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts (RGs). The results are summarized as follows. Average daily intakes of energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin were in 45 - 74% of the RDAs for Koreans. Average daily energy intake was only about 50% of energy expenditure by physical activities. Average daily intakes of each food group were generally lower, but intakes of breads and confectionaries, sugar and sweets, milks and dairy products, and instant foods were higher in the RGs compared to the nonathletic students of the same age from the National Health and Nutrition Suvey. The contribution of empty-calorie foods such as breads and confectionaries, beverage and instant foods to the major energy nutrients were high. Mean of total nutritional knowledge score of RGs was 28.4 of total score 50. In categorical score of nutritional knowledge, the RGs make a best score on food sources and they get the lowest marks for food exchange. Among the nutrients, intakes of crude fiber, animal Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B1, niacin and vitamin C and, among the food groups, intakes of mushrooms, fruits and meats had relations with one of the total or categorical nutritional knowledge scores in the RGs. In conclusion, nutritional status of adolescent RGs was poor due to their unbalanced diet composed of empty-calorie foods, and their undesirable food intake pattern was supposed to be related to the low nutritional knowledge score of them. These results indicate that the RGs should be given more nutritional knowledge to improve their nutritional status and the exercise performance.
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Adolescente , Animales , Humanos , Agaricales , Ácido Ascórbico , Bebidas , Pan , Calcio , Carotenoides , Productos Lácteos , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ingestión de Energía , Metabolismo Energético , Frutas , Hierro , Carne , Leche , Actividad Motora , Niacina , Estado Nutricional , Riboflavina , Tiamina , Vitamina ARESUMEN
PURPOSE: Joubert syndrome is known to be an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar vermian dysgenesis with many symptoms and variety of other malformations. We studied the relevant symptoms and various malformations of seven patients diagnosed as Joubert syndrome at our institution. METHODS: Seven children with cerebellar vermian dysgenesis consistent with Joubert syndrome were included in our study. Each child was diagnosed at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from Feb. 1991 to Feb. 1995. We studied the frequency of each symptom of Joubert syndrome and the associated malformations of the selected cases. RESULTS: All seven patients had no family members affected. Also their parental consanguinity were not found. Sex ratio was 1.3 : 1 (4 males and 3 females) showing no significant sex difference. Ages at diagnosis were less than one year old. Six patients in our study had developmental delay, which was the most frequent symptom. Four patients had ataxia; four patients had hypotonia; three patients had abnormal ocular movements such as nystagmus or saccadic palsy; only one patient had episodic tachypnea in neonatal period; and in one case there were tongue protrusion and seizure, respectively. In two cases there were occipital meningoceles, agenesis of corpus callosum, and cleft palates, respectively. In one case there were cystic renal disorder, neuronal heterotopia, absence of septum pellucidum, and polydactyly, respectively. None had retinal dystrophy or chorioretinal coloboma. CONCLUSIONS: The cardinal symptoms of Joubert syndrome are unexplainable episodic tachypnea alternating with apnea during neonatal period, abnormal ocular movement such as nystagmus or saccadic palsy, ataxia, hypotonia, and developmental delay. The presence of such symptoms should alert the clinician to apply appropriate test such as neuroradiologic study including brain MRI etc. Some of the inconstantly associated features of Joubert syndrome include congenital retinal dystrophy, chorioretinal coloboma, and cystic kidney disease. The patients should be examined routinely with electroretinogram, fundoscopy, and kidney ultrasonogram for early detection or exclusion of the associated anomalies. We stress the importance of genetic counselling for the families of Joubert syndrome as well as that of the prompt supportive therapy for the patient.
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Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Agenesia del Cuerpo Calloso , Apnea , Ataxia , Encéfalo , Fisura del Paladar , Coloboma , Consanguinidad , Diagnóstico , Riñón , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Meningocele , Hipotonía Muscular , Neuronas , Parálisis , Padres , Polidactilia , Distrofias Retinianas , Convulsiones , Seúl , Tabique Pelúcido , Caracteres Sexuales , Razón de Masculinidad , Taquipnea , Lengua , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, first described by Fukuyama et al. In 1960, is an autosomal recessively inherited muscular dystrophy associated with severe mental retardation. We experienced a case of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy in a 4 year and 11 month old girl, who showed hypotonia at birth, muscle weakness, contractures of both ankle joints, severe mental retardation, elevated muscle enzymes, myopathic EMG findings, dystrophic features on muscle biopsy, and agyria-pachygyria complex with heterotopia of gray matter on brain MRI. To our knowledge, Fukuyama congenital musclar dystrophy has not yet been reported in Korea.
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Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Articulación del Tobillo , Biopsia , Encéfalo , Contractura , Discapacidad Intelectual , Corea (Geográfico) , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Hipotonía Muscular , Debilidad Muscular , Distrofias Musculares , Parto , Síndrome de Walker-WarburgRESUMEN
No abstract available.