Development of Microsatellite Markers for Diagnosis of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease / 대한신장학회잡지

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary disorder characterized by the slow growth of fluid-filled cysts that distort the renal architecture and lead to a lethal condition. Genetic heterogeneity in ADPKD has been demonstrated after a linkage was initially discovered for PKD1 on chromosome 16p13.3. The second gene, PKD2, has been localized on chromosome 4q21-23 and accounts for approximately 15% of affected families. PKD2 is a -50kb sized gene and has at least 15 exons. PKD2 gene product, polycystin-2, has 968 amino acids and seems to be a transmembrane protein. To find novel microsatellite markers of PKD2, we isolated a PAC DNA containing PKD2 by screening a PAC genomic DNA library. The isolated PAC, PAC47, was restriction-mapped. In addition, a pUC library was constructed by partially digesting PAC47 with Sau3AI. Based on the results of random sequencing of the pUC library, we found several clones that had repeat sequence. By analyzing the polymorphism of these clones, a novel microsatellite marker was discovered that has 0.5945 in HET score. Furthermore, HET score of microsatellite markers neighboring PKD2 was determined in Korean population and then this HET score was compared with that of genome database(GDB). In diagnosis of ADPKD in Korean, these results will improve the efficiency of linkage analysis.

Morphological and Biochemical Study on the Processes of Apoptosis Induced by Radiation

Transglutaminase(TGase) is a calcium dependent enzyme that catalyse and acyl transfer reaction forming epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine cross linkage. the major known effect of TGase is its important role in the programmed cell death manifested in the granular layer of the skin and acidophilic bodies in the viral hepatitis and neoplastic processes. The enzyme activity, immunohistochemical reaction using polyclonal antibodies against cytosolic TGase C, light and electron microscopic studies and TdT staining of the transplanted fibrosarcoma cells in C3H mouse with radiation therapy were done. The presence of TGase was detected immunohistochemically by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method Apoptosis were significantly induced after irradiation dependent with time factors and irradiation doses, resulted in marked and confluent tumor cell loss. Highest activity of the cytosolic form of TGase was noted at 24 hours and decrease after then while membrane bounded form of the TGase showed no significant changes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strong positive reaction in the sarcoma cells in diffuse fasion and around the necrotic foci in the cytoplasm. Terminal dideoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) staining revealed increasing numbers of apotptic cells from two hours after irradiation. In the mechanism of decreasing tumor size and cell death in radiation therapy, apoptosis plays an important role and during that process transglutaminse might do some irreversible cross-linking effects of cytoplasmic proteins causing cell death in part.