RESUMEN
Background and Objective: The Klingler fiber dissection technique is a simple and less complicated method foridentifying the fine structure of the white fiber tracts of brain. In this study, we have used classical fiber dissectiontechnique by Klinger’s to produce white matter specimens which can be used for explaining anatomy of variouswhite matter tracts to students.Materials and Methods: Five brains specimen removed from formalin fixed human cadavers (3 males and 2female) were used in this study. Klinger’s fibers dissection method was used to obtain white fibers specimen.Dissection of the cerebrum was performed using wooden spatulas, fine curved metal spatulas, fine forceps. Thewhite fibers were exposed by peeling brain with help of wooden spatula to expose the fibers. The dissectionmicroscope was used to isolate small structures.Results: Using the classical Klinger’s technique, we were able to obtain a brain specimen depicting organizationof various white fibres such as corona radiata, superior longitudinal bundle, association fibres with fibrespassing in relation to lentiform nucleus. In another specimen, dissection of right cerebral hemisphere medial tolentiform nucleus showed continuity of white projection fibres of corona radiata as internal capsule. Fibres ofcorpus callosum were delineated in two specimens which displayed spatial disposition of its various parts.Conclusion: White matter fiber of brain are very important for understanding of function of the central nervoussystem function. The Klingler’s fiber dissection technique with other study material can successfully serve thepurpose of the teaching of complex brain architecture of white matter. These dissected specimens will be moreattractive to students, than the mere imagination of white fiber tracts during neuroanatomy classes.
RESUMEN
Background: The liver is largest abdominal viscera located in right hypochondrium ,epigastrium and left hypochondrium in upper abdominal cavity. Although the segmental anatomy of the liver has been extensively researched, very few studies have dealt with surface variations of the liver. The major fissures are important landmarks for interpreting the lobar anatomy and locating the liver lesions. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine gross anatomical variations of liver and their clinical and surgical implications. Methods and Results: Present morphological study was conducted on 50 embalmed human livers in the Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi,India. Different variations in lobes, fissures and accessory lobes or fissures were observed. The liver specimens were also classified according to netter’s six types of liver variations. Conclusion: The findings of our study may be helpful for surgeons and radiologist to avoid possible errors in interpretations and subsequent misdiagnosis, and to assist in planning appropriate surgical approaches.