Developing and Evaluating a Camp-style Leadership Enhancement Program for Nursing Students / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a camp-style leadership enhancement program (CLEP) and evaluate its effects to provide basic data for developing such programs for nursing students. METHODS: The study design was a randomized control pre/post-test. There were 35 participants each in the experimental and control groups for a total of 70 participants. The content and structure of the CLEP reflected 13 core concepts extracted using a systematic literature review. The program included a two-day camp-style program with eight modules consisting of lectures, individual and team activities, group discussions, team presentations, and feedback from the lecturer. The impacts of CLEP were measured using self, transformational, and servant leadership. RESULTS: Pre-homogeneity between the group participants' general and leadership characteristics was confirmed. After the CLEP, the experimental group showed a significant increase in self, transformational, and servant leadership. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that universities utilize the performance-based self-learning CLEP to increase leadership among nursing students.

Effects of Role Conflict and Ambiguity, and Fatigue on Self-Resilience in Clinical Nurses: After the MERS outbreak / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the degree of role conflict and its ambiguity, and fatigue in clinical nurses and to analyze the effect of these on their self-resilience in order to provide fundamental data for improving their working environment after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak. METHODS: After the collection of data from 258 clinical nurses in five general hospitals, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between nurses' role conflict and ambiguity and fatigue; while a negative correlation was found between nurses' role conflict and ambiguity and self-resilience. A significant negative correlation was found between fatigue and self-resilience. According to the study results, the factor that affected clinical nurses' self-resilience the most was role conflict and its ambiguity, followed by marital status, fatigue, educational level, religion, and related tasks, which together accounted for 38% of self-resilience in clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: To improve weaknesses in nursing care after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak, the scope of nursing care was changed upon the expansion of integrated nursing and care-giving services. Therefore, in the rapidly changing environment of nursing, policies to improve nursing performance, as well as successful reaction capability, are suggested.

Effects of Role Conflict and Ambiguity, and Fatigue on Self-Resilience in Clinical Nurses: After the MERS outbreak / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#This study aimed to investigate the degree of role conflict and its ambiguity, and fatigue in clinical nurses and to analyze the effect of these on their self-resilience in order to provide fundamental data for improving their working environment after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak.@*METHODS@#After the collection of data from 258 clinical nurses in five general hospitals, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.@*RESULTS@#A significant positive correlation was found between nurses' role conflict and ambiguity and fatigue; while a negative correlation was found between nurses' role conflict and ambiguity and self-resilience. A significant negative correlation was found between fatigue and self-resilience. According to the study results, the factor that affected clinical nurses' self-resilience the most was role conflict and its ambiguity, followed by marital status, fatigue, educational level, religion, and related tasks, which together accounted for 38% of self-resilience in clinical nurses.@*CONCLUSION@#To improve weaknesses in nursing care after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak, the scope of nursing care was changed upon the expansion of integrated nursing and care-giving services. Therefore, in the rapidly changing environment of nursing, policies to improve nursing performance, as well as successful reaction capability, are suggested.

Financial Ratio Analysis for Developing Nursing Management Strategies in University Hospitals / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the financial statements of university hospitals and to apply the results to build nursing management strategies. METHODS: Data on the financial statements of university hospitals were collected each hospital's homepage or internet search from February to June, 2010. Financial statements of 11 hospitals were analyzed using the 4 categories of financial ratio analysis method: liquidity, performant, growth and turnover. RESULTS: Overall results showed that the financial status the university hospitals were unstable, and many financial indicators did not meet financial standard ratios. Only 8 financial indicators of total 19 indicators satisfied financial standard ratios. CONCLUSION: The results of financial statements analysis suggest that nurse managers should develop the blue ocean strategy for diversification of nursing services to improve financial ratios of liquidity, performance, and growth. Using a unit-based just-in-time system for effective supply management would help to increase profits and to decrease costs of hospital by improving financial ratios of turnover.

Buccal Mass Caused by Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) Injection / 대한이비인후과학회지

A 25-year-old female visited to the hospital with a mass in right buccal area for 1 month. Mass excision was performed under local anesthesia via intraoral approach. The mass was conglomerated with many of 2-5 mm sized small clear cysts and located in the layer of buccal fat pad beneath buccinators muscle. The patient recalled the history of Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) injection on her face 6 months ago. Botox injection on face can cause pain, edema, ecchymosis, headache, eye brow ptosis, dry eye syndrome, drooling, mask face, nausea, malaise, or anaphylaxis. However, a mass caused by Botox injection has not been reported yet. The authors suggest the possibility of the formation of a mass from Botox injection through a foreign body reaction.

Effect of Nebulized Bovine Surfactant for Experimental Otitis Media with Effusion

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant on experimentally induced otitis media with effusion (OME) in guinea pigs. METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs were divided into three groups. Four untreated animals served as normal controls. Experimental OME was established in both ears of the remaining 16 animals by a transbullar injection of 10 microL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide in saline. Thereafter, the guinea pigs received nebulized phosphate buffered saline (n=8) or nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant (n=8). Nebulization was given daily for 7 days. On day 8, all the animals' passive opening pressure (POP) of the Eustachian tube was measured and histopathological observations of the bulla were made by light microscopy. RESULTS: Nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant significantly reduced the POP compared to that of saline nebulization. The bovine pulmonary surfactant improved the tubal patency and produced less histopathologcally-evident edematous bullar mucosa. CONCLUSION: Nebulization of bovine pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in treating otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs. Our results suggest that the chosen nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant can be of good clinical benefit for treating OME in the future.

Submandibular Cutaneous Draining Sinus Tract from Mandibular Osteomyelitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Chronically draining cutaneous sinus tracts are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated. Diagnostic errors can result in multiple surgical excisions and biopsies, long-term antibiotic therapy, and even radiation therapy or electrodessication. The most common cause of skin drainage is a chronically infected tooth. A sinus tract from a mandibular osteomyelitis is very rare and hard to detect. A 36-year-old woman was presented to the hospital with a 1.5 year history of purulent discharge from a cutaneous sinus present at submandibular region. The patient had received three excisions and drainage procedures but the drainage recurred. The neck computed tomography revealed a focal disruption with radiolucence on the posterior surface of the left inferior mandibular body. The disease was completely cured after the excision of sinus tract and thorough curettage of the affected lesion of the mandible. We report a cutaneous submandibular draining sinus tract that developed from a mandibular osteomyelitis unrelated to a tooth inflammation

Clinical Characteristics of Thyroid Micropapillary Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thyroid micropapillary carcinoma (equal or less than 10 mm at great dimension) is now reported with increasing incidence due to fine needle aspiration under high-resolution ultrasonography. The extent of thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection has been an issue of controversy. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma with total thyroidectomy and preventive central neck dissection. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: For suspicious thyroid micropapillary carcinoma, total thyroidectomy and preventive central neck dissection was performed in 63 patients (18 male, 45 female, mean ages of 59 years) between November 2004 and September 2008. They were suspected to have micropapillary carcinoma by fine needle aspiration and diagnosed with micropapillary carcinoma postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean tumor size was 6 mm. Twenty-one patients (33.3%) had multifocal diseases and 19 patients (30.2%) had extrathyroid extension. Lymph node metastases were found in 20 patients (31.7%) on central neck and 7 patients (11.1%) on lateral neck. There were no relations between multifocal disease or extrathyroid lesion and lymph node metastases (p> 0.05). There was no significance of variables according to tumor size of 5 mm (p> 0.05). There was a significant relation between central and lateral lymph node metastasis (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data can be used for future studies for necessity or unnecessity of total thyroidectomy and/or preventive central neck dissection for thyroid micropapillary carcinoma. The possibility of coexistence of central and lateral neck metastasis should be considered.

Changes of Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Plasma Catecholamine Levels in Rabbits during the Apneic Oxygenation / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: Permissive hypercapnia and apneic oxygenation are used to provide oxygen to patient without active ventilation. It is well known that hypercapnia induces the release of endogenous catecholamines. However, it is unclear that how much or what kind of catecholamines are released. The aim of this study was to observe changes of basic hemodynamic parameters and plasma catecholamine concentration during apneic oxygenation. METHODS: Twenty-one rabbits weighing 2.0~3.0 kg were anesthetized with 100% oxygen and isoflurane. 0.05 mg/kg of atropine was injected and endotracheal intubation was done. 1 mg/kg/hr of vecuronium was infused during the experiment. The anesthesia and apneic oxygenation was maintained with 100% oxygen and 2 vol% isoflurane under 1 cmH2O PEEP using continuous positive airway pressure device. During the apneic oxygenation, blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine concentration were measured every 10 min using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased but diastolic blood pressure was not changed until post-apneic 40 min. After then, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased. At post-apneic 10 min, heart rate was dramatically decreased and slowly recovered to the level of control data until post-apneic 60 min. Plasma epinephrine level was increased higher than that of norepinephrine by 3 to 4 times. CONCLUSIONS: Epinephrine may play more important role than norepinephrine to compensate the cardiovascular depressive effects of hypercapnia during the apneic oxygenation in rabbits.

The Correlation of Recovery of Ipsilateral Motor Weakness and That of Contralateral Hemiplegia in Stroke

OBJECTIVE: We observed the nature of ipsilateral weakness, not hemiplegic side after stroke. And we studied correlation between ipsilateral weakness and neurologic recovery of hemiplegia. METHOD: This study was prospective, follow-up clinical trial. Ipsilateral motor power was checked serially in 20 subjects using Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester (NMMT) (shoulder abduction, wrist extension, hip flexion, ankle dorsiflexion). The subjects are first attacked hemiplegic stroke patients. Other outcome measures are Mini-mental Status Examination (MMSE) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). We studied correlations between motor power recovery in ipsilateral limbs and recovery of neurologic impairment in hemiplegic limbs of stroke patients through SPSS 7.0 program. RESULTS: Ipsilateral motor power in early stage stroke patients is significantly low compared with that of normal subject except ankle dorsiflexion (p<0.05). Comparing ipsilateral proximal with distal limbs power in pre and post multidisciplinary rehabilitation program, upper proximal part recovered faster than the distal part, but which was not statistically significant. Recovery of ipsilateral upper proximal and distal limb weakness is associated with neurologic recovery in hemiplegic side. CONCLUSION: After the stroke, ipsilateral upper limb motor weakness does occur and which follows similar neurologic recovery pattern to the hemiplegic side. Ipsilateral cortical and subcortical tracts take effect on the neurologic recovery of contalateral side.

Comparative Study of Hemodynamic Changes and Complications following Lightwand of Laryngoscopic Intubation / 대한마취과학회지

The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to compare the intubation time, hemodynamic effect and complication rates of orotracheal intubation performed by direct laryngoscopic or lighted stylet (lightwand) methods in the controlled settings of the operating room. After approval of clinical investigation committee and informed consent from patients, healthy ASA class 1 and 2 elective surgical patients were studied. On arrival to operating room, EKG, radial arterial cannulation to monitor blood pressure continously and neuromuscular monitoring device were applied to patients. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3 ug/kg, thiopental 4 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.15 mg/kg to facilliate relaxation. Ventilation was controlled for 5 min by facemask with oxygen-isoflurane (1.2 vol%) or enflurane(1.7 vol%) before intubation. The patients were intubated randomly using either direct curved laryngoscope (DL, 37 patients) or lightwand (LW, 36 patients). The time to intubation (TTI) was recorded. The mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) were recoreded every 30 sec after intubation for 5 min. The changes of MAP and HR after intubation were compared with pre-intubation value. After extubation, complications such as mucosal trauma and postoperative sore throat were recorded. The data were analyzed using either unpaired t-test or Chi-square analysis, where appropriate. There were no failed intuhation in either groups. There was no significant differences between the groups with respect to sex, age, weight, height, existence of nasogastric tube. The TTI was similar between groups(14.5+/-8.1 sec for LW, 16.8+/-9.5 sec for DL). There was no differences in incidence of trauma(19.4% for LW, 16.2% for DL) between groups. There were no statistically significant difference in the maximal increase in MAP(44% for LW, 55% for DL at 30 sec) and HR(25.6% for LW, 24.1% for DL at 30 sec) and during 5 min following intubation. In canclusion, even though the hemadynamic effect after intubation was not influenced by using LW, the results of this study indicate that the use of the LW is as useful, effective and safe method as using DL for oro-endotracheal intubation. Further study may prove that using the LW to be an effective alternative technique of intubation in patients with difficult airway.

Studies on quality control by frozen-thaw 2-cell mouse embryos / 대한불임학회지

No abstract available.

Comparison of the human sperm motility assay to mouse two-cell embryo as quality control test of human cord blood for in vitro fertilization / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Mouse embryo culture used in quality control of water for human in vitro fertilization: the one-cell stage versus the two-cell stage model / 대한불임학회지

No abstract available.

Effect of albumin concentration and preincubation time on motility and acrosome reaction in bovine semen / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.