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Background and Objective: Aloe Vera is considered as one of herbs causes oxidative indexes modification due to antioxidant properties. On the other hands, High-fat diets [HFD] cause liver disorders prevalence. This study was done to evaluate the protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera gel on enzymes and liver tissue structure of high-fat diet rats
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were allocated in five groups including control, sham [HFD 10 ml/kg] and three experimental groups receiving HFD with doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg/bw of Aloe Vera gel extract. Prescriptions were conducted by gavage and for 60 days.Blood samples were collected to measure AST, ALT and ALP enzymes. Liver removed subsequently and following preparing tissue sections liver cells were counted
Results: High-fat diet significantly increased ALP and ALT enzymes [P<0.05]. High-fat diet significantly increased the number of Kupffer cells and reduced of hepatocytes in compared to control group [P<0.05]. High-fat diet caused liver tissue alterations including blood congestion, inflmation; Vacuole breakdown, apoptosis, and ballooning of hepatocytes. On the other hand, the consumption of Aloe Vera with high-fat diet caused reduction in tissue changes and a significant decrease in the serum levels of ALP and ALT enzymes in compared to control group [P<0.05]
Conclusion: High-fat diet by damaging the liver tissue increased the serum levels of ALP and ALT enzymes and Aloe Vera extract with its anti-oxidant characteristic prevent the effect of a high-fat diet on the liver tissue and reduced the ALP and ALT enzymes
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Trazodone is a weak inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and a potent antagonist of serotonin 5HT2A and 5HT2C receptors. Urinary incontinence is a rare side effect of anti-depressant drugs. Side effects of antidepressants can cause delay in treatment of patient and ultimately non-compliance in patients who take this medicinal drug. Here we present a case of trazodone induced urinary incontinence in a woman at menopause period. The patient was a retired woman with 63 years old. She reported a history of bladder prolapsuse and history of consumption of quetiapine and propranolol. But the patient had no history of other somatic illnesses, drug and urinary incontinence before administering the medicinal drug. Psychiatrist prescrided trazodone with dose of 50 mg, orally per day when appearence of the depression, anxiety and insomnia. But, the patient suddenly suffered from urinary incontinence, despite this situation the patient had continued taking the drug for three days. Due to the uncertainty of the above complications patient, was forced to discontinue the drug and follwoing drug discontinuation the side effect disappeard. After the improvement of the urine incontinence and full recovery, re-treatment was began with the same dose of 50 mg trazodone for the patient, but immediately after drug administration to the patient, urinary incontinence appeared once again. Trazodone can be considered as important factor to cause urinary incontinence. Therefore, this issue should be considered whenever this pharmaceutical drug is prescribed
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Background and Objective: Sodium meta-bisulphite is used as a preservative in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E on the improvement of sodium-meta bisulphite-induced complications on ovarian tissue and sex hormones in rats
Methods: In this experimental study, 70 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 7 groups including control, sham and interventional groups were received vitamin E [200 mg/kg/bw], sodium metabisulfite [520 mg/kg/bw], and sodium meta-bisulphite [520 mg/kg/bw] was combined with vitamin E in 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw doses. Prescriptions were taken as gavage for 30 days. Blood samples were taken from animals to measure LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone hormones. Ovaries were removed and follicles were counted after tissue sections
Results: The concentration of estrogen hormones, progesterone, LH, FSH and number of ovarian follicles in the groups receiving sodium meta-bisulphite and vitamin E alone was significantly lower than control group [P<0.05]. In animals treated with sodium meta-bisulphite and vitamin E at 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw, no significant difference was observed. However, in animals which were simultaneously treated with meta-bi-sulfite sodium and vitamin E at dose 100 and 200 mg/kg, in compared with the control group, significant improvement was not observed
Conclusion: Sodium meta-bisulphite consumption with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of vitamin E can reduce the effect of sodium meta-bisulphite on ovarian follicles and sex hormones
RESUMEN
Needle free vaccines have a several advantages and very attractive way for vaccination. In a body, mucosal surfaces provide a universal entry portal for all the known and emerging infectious pathogenic microbes. Therefore, it seems, vaccination strategies need to be reorganized for vaccines that are hindering the entry capability of pathogenic microbes through mucosal surfaces. Lactic acid Bacteria [LAB] are widely used in the food industry and at the present, used as delivery vehicles for biological investigations. In this review, we summarized the Results of several studies which Lactococcus lactis [L. lactis] used as a live vector for vaccines. These bacteria are considered as promising candidates for heterologous expression of proteins and biotechnological usage. LAB are considered as promising candidates for heterologous expression of proteins and biotechnological usage. The results showed that these bacteria have an ability to deliver antigen to immune system. Therefore, developing mucosal live vaccines using lactic acid bacterium, L. lactis, as an antigen delivery vector, is an attractive alternative choice and a safer vaccination strategy against pathogens