RESUMEN
Background: In Latin America, few studies have been carried out on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the pediatric population. We conducted a survey of nasal S. aureus carriage in neonates and in children attending the pediatric outpatient clinics in a large Brazilian city with high antimicrobial consumption. Methods: Pernasal swabs of neonates were collected upon admission and at discharge in four neonatal intensive care units and of children less than five years of age during outpatient visits. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility, mec gene presence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, spa type, SCCmec-type, multilocus sequence type, and presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Results: S. aureus was carried by 9.1% and 20.1% of the 701 neonates and of 2034 children attending the outpatient clinics, respectively; methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage was detected in 0.6% and 0.2%, of the these populations, respectively. Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains found in neonates from neonatal intensive care units and outpatients were genetically related to the Brazilian (SCCmec-III, ST239) and to the Pediatric (SCCmec-IV, ST5) clones. Community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus was only detected in outpatients. None of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains contained the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains related to the Brazilian clone showed multidrug resistance pattern. Conclusions: Despite the high antibiotic pressure in our area, and the cross transmission of the healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones between neonatal intensive care units and outpatients, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage is still low in our setting. .
Asunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Portador Sano/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil/epidemiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Este estudo descreve um caso de Eritema Multiforme (EM) como a primeira manifestação clínica de Hanseníase (MH) em uma mulher de 35 anos. Quando atendida em um Hospital, a paciente apresentava febre, artralgia, e placas eritematosas em ambos os cotovelos e joelhos bilateralmente, algumas com bolhas e/ou necrose central. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por meio de biópsias de pele, que revelaram um padrão histopatológico compatível com EM, além da presença decélulas de Virchow e bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR). Médicos em geral, especialmente os clínicos, devem considerar MH como diagnóstico diferencial de EM, especialmente em regiões endêmicas da doença.
This study describes a case of erythema multiforme (EM) as the first clinical manifestation of leprosy in a 35-year-old woman. She presented at the hospital with fever, arthralgia and erythematous plaques on both elbows and knees, some of them with bullous or necrotic center areas. The diagnosiswas confirmed by skin biopsy, which revealed a well-known EM pattern, and also showed the presence of Virchow cells and acid-fast bacilli. Physicians should be aware that leprosy must beconsidered in the differential diagnosis of EM, especially in endemic regions.