[Evaluation of capsicum ointment application on Korean hand acupressure points KD2, K-K9 in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with general anesthesia]

Post operative nausea and vomiting [PONV] is a very common and distressing complication after surgeries which may result in more serious problems such as incisional hernia wound dehiscence and aspiration. Cataract surgery following increase in intraocular pressure is sensitive to POVN. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of capsicum ointment on Korean acupressure points in reducing PONV and the amount of anti-emetic medications was used. This study is a double-blinded clinical trial which was done on 200 patients who were referred to Amir Kabir hospital for cataract surgery. The patient were randomized at the pressure points [K-K9 and K-KD2]. After applying the ointments and during the first 12 hours after the operation the patients were assessed for the incidence and intensity of PONV. The incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first 6 and 12 hours was higher in the placebo group in compare to the capsicum group [p=0.001]. Nausea scores were also higher in the 6 and 12 hours in the placebo group [p=0.0005]. Uses of metoclopramide was significant higher in the placebo group in compare to the capsicum group [p=0.001]. There was no significant difference between the two groups for vomiting during first 12 hours after operation. Stimulating of both K-D2 and K-K9 Korean acupressure points simultaneously is a simple, noninvasive, cheap and effective method for reducing PONV

[Comparison effect of different doses of Ketamine with Pethedine in reducing postoperative shivering after cesarean section]

Postoperative shivering is a common problem with multiple complications. This study was compared effect of low doses of Ketamine with Pethidine for controlling postoperative shivering. This clinical trial was done on 189 elective cesarean section with ASA class I or II who had postoperative shivering. Patients with grade 2 or higher were divided in three groups and were injected 0.3mg/kg Ketamine and 0.5mg/kg Pethidine intravenously. In 5[th] and 10[th] minutes after injection, they were investigated for shivering intensity. After 5 minute of injection drugs rate and intensity of shivering in Pethedine group was less than Ketamine group. Ketamine with 0.5 mg/kg was more effective than 0.3mg/kg dose of it and Ketamine[p=0.041]. In group with 0.5mg/kg dose of Ketamine, rate and intensity of postoperative shivering was more reduce than group with 0.3mg/kg of it in recovery [p=0/007]. In Pethedine group rate and intensity of shivering was more reduce then 0.5mg/kg dose of Ketamine[p<0/001]. This demonstrated that Pethedine is more effective than Ketamine. Although 0.5mg/kg dose of Ketamine has considerable effect on control of shivering but Pethedine is still a better choice for this side effect

[Evaluation of the effects of oral Ketamine as an adjuvant drug in treatment of renal colic]

Oral Ketamine is used as a low side effect analgesic in comparison with opioids, in different pain syndromes. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of oral Ketamine in renal colic treatment. In this clinical trial study 104 patients with renal colic, hospitalized in emergency department, were divided into two groups by Random block design. Group B received Pethidine [1 mg/kg up to 100 mg] and placebo, and group A received Pethidine with the same dose and Ketamine [0.5 mg/kg]. All patients were assessed for pain by using VAS chart, for nausea by a 0-3 scale and for the number of vomiting; at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hours after taking drug. The results were analyzed by t-test. Average pain score and vomiting in all times and nausea score in one and three hours after receiving drugs were reduced significantly in patients who took Pethidine and Ketamine comparing patients who took Pethidine and placebo[p < 0.05]. Regarding the significant effect of Ketamine in reduction of pain, nausea and vomiting without side effects, it is possible to use Ketamine as an adjuvant drug in treatment of renal colic and to reduce narcotic dosage