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Objective To establish children's independent normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes in Chongqing,in order to better provide references for clinic.Methods The plasma samples of 5 119 healthy children were collected and used to detecting prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB),thrombin time (TT) and D-Dimer (D-D) via Sysmex CS5100 and Sysmex CSA2000.According to ages,the children were divided into 6 groups:newborn (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),newborn (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),infant (at 1 to less than 7 months of age),children (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),children (at 3 to less than 7 years of age),children (at 7 to 15 years of age),and comparatively analysed.For normal distribution data,(x)± 1.96s was used to calculate the reference intervals;while for skewness distribution data,the reference intervals was calculated by 95 ％ reference interval according to the percentile of P2.5 and P97.5.Results The normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes in this clinical laboratory were as follows:PT 11.1-20.2 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),10.7-15.8 s (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),9.9-13.5 s (at 1 month to 15 years of age);APTT 28.8-91.6 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),33.3-64.2 s (at 15 days to less tha 1 month of age),24.0-53.2 s (at 1 to less than 7 months of age),21.2-39.2 s (at 7 months to less tha 15 years of age);FIB 1.45-3.52 g/L (at 0 to less than 3 years of age),1.50-3.52 g/L (at 3 to 15 years of age);TT 15.4-26.3 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),14.9-21.4 s (at 15 days to less than 7 months of age),14.7-20.1 s (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),14.9-19.3 s (at 3 to 15 years of age);D-D 0.1-5.1 mg/L (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),0.2-2.2 mg/L (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),0.1-1.1 mg/L (at 1 to less tha 7 months of age),0.1-1.4 mg/L (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),0.1-1.3 mg/L (at 3 to less than 7 years of age),0-1.0 mg/L (at 7 to 15 years of age).Conclusion The normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes,including PT,APTT,FIB,TT and D-D,are established,which provide more accurate references for the diagnosis of related diseases in infants and children in this area.
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Objective To explore standardized continuing vascular ultrasound training in China.Methods Data of current ultrasound practitioner education levels in the secondary and tertiary hospitals were collected.Under the direction of the Chinese Ultrasound Doctor Association (CUDA),Vascular Ultrasound Guidelines were introduced.The CUDA Steering Committee for Standardized Vascular Ultrasound Training and Vascular Ultrasound Training Centers were established.Results The questionnaires were received from 182 ultrasound departments of 57 secondary hospitals and 125 tertiary hospitals.The proportion of ultrasound practitioners who obtained a university degree was significantly higher in the ultrasound departments of tertiary hospitals than that in the secondary hospitals (75.18% vs 52.63%).The proportion of ultrasound practitioners who only received short-term ultrasound training and did not have tertiary education was significantly higher in the ultrasound departments of secondary hospitals than that in the tertiary hospitals (8.31% vs 1.03%).The directors of ultrasound departments in both secondary and tertiary hospitals believed that ultrasound practitioners should at least have a university diploma and preferably have a university degree.The CUDA and the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) co-hosted two standardized vascular ultrasound training seminars and the first Registered Physician in Vascular Interpretation (RPVI) credential examination in Beijing.A well-known vascular ultrasound reference book,Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound was translated from English into Chinese and published in September 2008.The CUDA Vascular Ultrasound Guidelines were drafted by 12 vascular ultrasound experts from China,U.S.and Australia,which were widely discussed and passed by the CUDA Standing Committee.The guidelines have been published in the Chinese Journal of Ultrasonography and on the website of CUDA (www.cuda.org.cn).The CUDA has signed a publishing contract with a medical press to publish the guideline booklet.The CUDA Steering Committee for the Standardized Vascular Ultrasound Training was established which includes 24 domestic and foreign experts.The CUDA Standardized Vascular Ultrasound Training Centers were awarded to 12 hospitals,which were selected,trained and assessed by the CUDA from 35 candidates.Each center is expected to undertake one to two standardized vascular ultrasound training courses each year.Conclusion Continuing education of vascular ultrasound introduced by CUDA has been accepted positively by a portion of Chinese doctors with ultrasound major.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (b-aPWV) in untreated diagnosed patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study involved 24 consecutive male patients with newly diagnosed untreated OSAHS (aged 39.13±8.31 years) and 22 normal male individuals (aged 39.59±10.86 years) matched for age and body mass index. Carotid and extremities ultrasound were performed in all the subjects, and none of them had atherosclerosis, arterial calcification, or aneurysm. No subject had a history of hypertension, coronary heart disease or stroke. All the subjects underwent arterial stiffness evaluation by means of b-aPWV measurements.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The b-aPWV in OSAHS patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (1346.86±123.48 vs 1237.91±84.46, P<0.01), and the rate of positive b-aPWV in OSAHS patients was significantly higher (13/24 vs 1/22, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The value and positive rate of b-aPWV in OSAHS patients are higher than those in normal people, suggesting increased arterial stiffness in OSAHS patients.</p>