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Purpose: To measure levels of collagen-derived antiangiogenic factors (arresten, canstatin, tumstatin, endostatin) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in anterior lens epithelial cells (LECs) and anterior capsules of children with cataract and persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) as cases and cataract without PFV as controls. Methods: Anterior capsules harboring LECs were collected from pediatric cataract patients with (n = 13) and without PFV (n = 13) during surgery. Samples were immediately subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA preparation. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of antiangiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) and ? Actin were used as the housekeeping control. The mRNA levels were expressed as a ratio, using the delta-delta method for comparing the relative expression results between controls and cases. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was applied for statistical evaluation. P values < 0.05 were statistically significant. Results: The relative mRNA levels of arresten, canstatin, tumstatin, endostatin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cases were 6.20E-03 ± 0.003, 1.49E-01 ± 0.02, 1.70E-01 ± 0.007, 3.20E-03 ± 0.003, 1.11E-03 ± 0.0009 and 3.72E-04 ± 0.0001. The mRNA levels of arresten was 1.6 times lower (P = 0.01) while mRNA levels of MMP-2, tumstatin and canstatin were 4, 2.5, and 2.3 times higher in cases than in controls. No change was observed in mRNA levels of MMP-9 and endostatin (P = 0.82). Conclusion: A significant difference in the levels of arresten, canstatin, tumstatin, and MMP-2 was found in LECs with PFV.
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Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system most frequently located in the supratentorial site and carries a grim prognosis. Case report: A 52 years old male patient presented with headache and vomiting since 3 months. In MRI T2W images showed peripheral hypointense rim with central heterogeneously hyper intense signals suggestive of high grade glioma. Patient was underwent neurosurgery and resected tumor was sent to histopathology department. Discussion: Grossly glioblastomas are relatively circumscribed and often appear to be more clearly demarcated from neighboring tissues. In our case microscopic examination showed presence of dense cellularity, striking pleomorphism, and zones of coagulative necrosis lined by ‘palisading’ tumor cells characterize the prototypical glioblastoma. Conclusion: As GBM carries poor prognosis and the treatment of malignant gliomas is still a challenge for us, further research on this disease is needed so that better treatments may be developed to improve the quality of life and prognosis of these patients.