The Burden of Stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran From 2011 to 2017 / 예방의학회지

Objectives@#The aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017. @*Methods@#Incidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). @*Results@#The burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively. @*Conclusions@#The burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.

The Burden of Stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran From 2011 to 2017 / 예방의학회지

Objectives@#The aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017. @*Methods@#Incidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). @*Results@#The burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively. @*Conclusions@#The burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.

[Risk and protective factors of drug abuse in high school students]

The present study aimed to investigate risk and protective factors of drug abuse among high school students. The sum of 1124 high school students [573 boys and 551 girls] were selected based on the stratified random and cluster sampling from Tehran's high schools. A number of different scales; American Drug and Alcohol Survey [ADAS], Prevention Planning Survey [PPS], Blings-Moss Copying Responses [CR], Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory School Form [SEI-SF], Collins-Reed Revised Attachment Inventory [RAI], and Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory [EQI] were administered for data gathering. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio models. There were significant differences between students with and without drug abuse in copying styles, self-esteem, attachment style, emotional intelligence, family atmosphere and family substance abuse. Odds ratio of drug abuse for students with family drug use for boys and girls was 11 and 1.63 times more than others respectively. In the recent years, the most important achievement in the areas of theorizing and policy-making for drug abuse preventive programs is to emphasis on risk and protective factors as a descriptive and predictive framework. This study findings emphasized family factors, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and coping styles in this regard

effect of human recombinant erythropoietin on prevention of anemia of prematurity

Premature infants often develop significant anemia that requires blood transfusion, this carries significant risks. This study was carried out to determine the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin [r-HuEPO] on prevention of anemia of prematurity. From April 2001 to March 2002, 24 neonates in newborn services at Amirkola children's hospital randomly were assigned to erythropoietin group and control [no treatment] group. Inclusion criteria were birth weight of

Patch test results in patients with clinical diagnoses of contact and/or atopic dermatitis in Isfahan

Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool to confirm allergic contact dermatitis. Determination of the validity and usefulness of a standard patch test allergen series with consideration of age, sex and race difference can reduce diagnostic errors in patients with allergic contact dermatitis. This study was done to determine the frequency of contact sensitization to 28 common allergens in patients with clinical diagnoses of contact and/or atopic dermatitis. Materials and In a cross sectional study during 6 months, 250 patients with contact and/or atopic dermatitis were patch tested with DKG standard patch test series and evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of patch test. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 11 software by X[2], Fisher's exact and t tests. Positive patch test results were seen in 32% of all evaluated patients. 45.8% of patients with age above 40 years and 28.0% of patient with age below 40 years had a positive patch test. Potassium dichromate and nikel sulfate were the most common allergens in our study. In this study only 13 of 18 [46.4%] tested allergens showed positive reaction. Low positive rate of standard DKG series in this study shows that allergen series of standard patch test should be revised based on reginal conditions, allergens and social habits

[ efficacy of topical treatment with concentrated boiled extract and hydroalcoholic extract of cassia fistula in comparison with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of acute leishmaniasis]

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Although there are many different treatments for this disease, there is not any effective treatment yet. Since there has been a number of different reports on the effectiveness of Cassia fistula plant in the treatment of leishmaniasis, the efficacy of concentrated boiled extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Cassia fistula on the leishmaniasis disease was compared with intralesional injection of Glucantime in this study. In this randomized clinical trial a total of 165 patients, 6 to 60 years old, who had a positive leishmania smear refered to the Isfahan Skin and Leishmaniasis Research Center were divided into three groups using list of random numbers and were treated with: concentrated boiled extract of Cassia fistula, hydroalcholic extract of Cassia fistula, or intralesional injection of Glucantime. The patients were treated for 4 weeks and followed for three months after the study started. The efficacy of treatment was reported as complete cure, partial improvement and no improvement on the basis of clinical and parasitological evidence. In the present study 63/6% of patients treated with the concentrated boiled extract, 52/7% of the hydroalcoholic extract and 45/5% of the Glucantime group were men. 22 patients [40%] of the concentrated boiled extract of Cassia fistula, 20 pateints [36/4%] of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula group and 36 patients [65/5%] of the Glucantime group showed complete cure. The efficacy in the third group was much more than the first [P<0.02] and second groups [P<0.005], but there was not any difference between concentrated boiled extract and hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula. The results of this study showed that this plant might be used topically along with Glucantime for decreasing the time and dose of treatment with Glucantime

[Efficacy of combination of topical honey with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis]

Cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] is an edemic disease widely spread in Iran. Although several treatments have been tried, none has been found as simple and effective. Honey has been used in the treatment of chronic ulcers and its anti-leishmanial effects have also been reported. So we assessed the efficacy of honey in acute CL. In a randomized clinical trial, 100 patients with CL referred to Skin and Leishmaniasis Research Center were treated with either weekly intra-lesional injection of Glucantime alone or combined with twice daily topical application of honey. The patients were evaluated clinically 2,3 and 4 months after treatment. Ninety patients completed the study, forty-five patients were treated in each group. At the end of trial, 32 patients [71/1%] of these treated with Glucantime alone and 23 patients [51/1%] treated with honey were cured [P=0.04]. Drug interference and inhibition of bioavailability of Glucantime by honey may decrease the efficacy of Glucantime in treatment of CL