Expression and distribution of brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor in different cerebrum regions of yak and cattle / 解剖学报

Objective To clarify the expression and distribution of brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebrum of plateau yaks and cattle, and to explore the relationship between BDNF function and the adaptability of altitude hypoxia. Methods Five yaks and five cattles were selected.The content and distribution of BDNF in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebrum white matter and hippocampus of yak and cattle were analyzed by Real⁃time PCR, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. Results Real⁃time PCR result showed that BDNF mRNA expression in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was highest in temporal cortex, followed by hippocampus, parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex, and lowest in white matter. Western blotting results showed that the content of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks was the highest in temporal cortex,followed by hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebrum white matter, and the content of BDNF protein was the lowest in occipital cortex. The content of BDNF protein intlecerebrum of cattles was the highest in the temporal cortex, followed by the hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex in descending order, and the protein content in cerebrum white matter was the lowest. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was basically similar, mainly distributed in the granulosa cells and glial cells in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex and occipital cortex, glial cells in cerebrum white matter, pyramidal cell layer and polyform cell layer in the hippocampus. There was the small amount of distribution in Martinotti cells and the molecular layer of hippocampus in the cerebral cortex. Conclusion BDNF mRNA and protein are distributed and expressed in different brain regions of yaks and cattles, but the expression level different, which is speculated to be closely related to the specific functions of different cerebrum regions. The expression level of the cerebrum of yak is higher than that of cattle except occipital cortex, suggesting that it is related to the altitude hypoxic environment. BDNF may play an important role in enhancing hypoxic tolerance and protecting internal environmental homeostasis in the process of animal adaptation to hypoxic environment.

Detection of meningeal carcinomatosis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and copy number variation analysis of cerebrospinal fluid / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the significance of copy number variation (CNV) and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis (MC).Methods:Ten patients with MC diagnosed in the Department of Neurology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2022 to June 2022 were consecutively enrolled in this study. The patients were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis of MC by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology, and the diagnosis of MC was confirmed by CSF cytology. The control group included 10 patients who were diagnosed as autoimmune encephalitis or viral encephalitis. CSF mNGS and CNV analysis were performed simultaneously in all the patients.Results:Of the 10 patients with MC, 6 had lung adenocarcinoma, 4 had breast cancer. CSF mNGS and CNV analysis detected large CNV in 8 of 10 patients with MC, including 4 patients with breast cancer and 4 patients with lung cancer. The results of pathogenic microorganism analysis of CSF mNGS in all the patients were negative. Meanwhile, large CNV was not detected in the control group.Conclusions:CSF CNV can serve as a diagnostic marker for MC. The combination of mNGS and CNV analysis has demonstrated a high positive rate in the diagnosis of MC. The dual-omics analysis of pathogenic microorganisms and CNV has been proposed as a potential strategy to further expand the clinical utility of CSF mNGS in the realm of auxiliary diagnosis.

Health status of elderly residents in Beijing city: a survey and analysis based on the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022) / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Disease-modifying therapy for spinal muscular atrophy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) was a severe inherited neuromuscular disease caused by the deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein encoded by SMN1 gene with pathogenic variants.According to the age of onset and maximal achievement of motor function, SMA was classified into 4 subtypes.The most common and severe subtype was SMA type 1.During the natural course, most of patients with SMA type 1 die of respiratory failure within 2 years of age if not treated.Patients with other subtypes have progressive muscle weakness and atrophy at varying degrees.Before the emergence of disease-modifying therapy, a multidisciplinary management, including physical therapy, respiratory and nutritional support, has been the only approach to delay the disease progression and enhance the survival rate of SMA.However, motor milestone progress is unable to achieve by SMA patients, because the lack of SMN protein has not been solved.In the past 5 years, 3 drugs have been approved for the treatment of SMA.Clinical trials and a growing number of real-world study data have shown that medications of disease-modifying agents contribute to effectively improve motor function in SMA patients with different subtypes, and promote the motor milestone progress in some patients, which significantly reduce the mortality.However, treatment response of disease-modifying agents to SMA varies with the subtypes of SMA, individualized conditions and courses of disease.Therefore, it is particularly important to choose an optimal treatment to ensure the quality of life of patients.This review focuses on recent advances and emerging challenges in the treatment of SMA.

Clinical efficacy of demethylating drugs in treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of demethylating drugs decitabine and azacitidine in treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients initially diagnosed with MDS in Fujian Provincial Hospital from May 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed; 10 patients were treated with decitabine (10-30 mg·m -2·d -1, 3-5 d consecutively) and 5 patients were treated with azacitidine (75 mg·m -2·d -1 for 7 d consecutively). Gene mutation, risk stratification, efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. Results:Among 15 patients, 9 cases were males and 6 cases were females, with a median age of 64 years (51-84 years). The median follow-up time was 18 months (4-62 months). There were 3 cases in high-risk group, 10 cases in medium-risk group and 2 cases in low-risk group. SF3B1, TET2 and STAG2 mutations were more common in patients with low to moderate risk; DNMT3A, EZH2, U2AF1, RUNX1 and TP53 mutations were more common in patients with high-risk. All patients were evaluated for efficacy after 2-3 courses of treatment, and the total effective rate was 66.7% (10/15). Among them, 1 case (6.7%) achieved complete remission, 1 case (6.7%) achieved bone marrow complete remission (mCR), 2 cases (13.3%) achieved partial remission, and 6 cases (40%) achieved hematological improvement. During the treatment, 9 cases had grade 3-4 hematological toxicity and 6 cases had grade 3-4 infection. There was no grade 3-4 bleeding, nausea, vomiting and liver function damage. During the follow-up to May 2020, 9 patients survived and 6 patients died.Conclusions:Demethylating drugs decitabine and azacitidine have high rates of complete remission and partial remission and a low rate of adverse drug reactions in MDS patients.

Role and clinical significance of MLLT1 super elongation complex subunit in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the role of MLLT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Multivariate Cox regression analysis and tumor gene analysis tools such as GEPIA and UALCAN were used to explore the expression of the MLLT1 gene and its prognostic significance in different tumors. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the differential expression of MLLT1 between HCC tumor tissue and normal tissue. MTT assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to assess the effect of MLLT1 knockdown on cell proliferation and cell cycle. The correlation between MLLT1 and immune cells, as well as immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment, and their correlation with immune neoantigens, immune checkpoints, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability were also explored. Results The MLLT1 gene was found to be aberrantly expressed in various solid tumors including HCC, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC. Knockdown of MLLT1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and blocked the cell cycle. High expression of MLLT1 was found to affect the content of multiple immune cells, including CD4

Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene-related disorders with thrombocytopenia: report of two pedigrees and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and gene variants of 2 pedigrees of non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 related diseases (MYH9-RD) in children. Methods: The basic information, clinical features, gene variants and laboratory tests of MYH9-RD patients from 2 pedigrees confirmed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in November 2021 and July 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. "Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 related disease" "MYH9" and "children" were used as key words to search at Pubmed database, CNKI and Wanfang database up to February 2023. The MYH9-RD gene variant spectrum and clinical data were analyzed and summarized. Results: Proband 1 (male, 11 years old) sought medical attention due to epistaxis, the eldest sister and second sister of proband 1 only showed excessive menstrual bleeding, the skin and mucous membrane of the their mother were prone to ecchymosis after bumping, the uncle of proband 1 had kidney damage, and the maternal grandmother and maternal great-grandmother of proband 1 had a history of cataracts. There were 7 cases of phenotypic abnormalities in this pedigree. High-throughput sequencing showed that the proband 1 MYH9 gene had c.279C>G (p.N93K) missense variant, and family verification analysis showed that the variant was inherited from the mother. A total of 4 patients including proband 1 and family members were diagnosed with MYH9-RD. The proband 2 (female, 1 year old) sought medical attention duo to fever and cough, and the father's physical examination revealed thrombocytopenia. There were 2 cases of phenotypic abnormalities in this pedigree. High-throughput sequencing showed that there was a c.4270G>A (p.D1424N) missense variant in the proband 2 MYH9 gene, and family verification analysis showed that the variant was inherited from the father. A total of 2 patients including proband 2 and his father were diagnosed with MYH9-RD. A total of 99 articles were retrieved, including 32 domestic literatures and 67 foreign literatures. The MYH9-RD cases totaled 149 pedigrees and 197 sporadic patients, including 2 pedigrees in our study. There were 101 cases with complete clinical data, including 62 sporadic cases and 39 pedigrees. There were 56 males and 45 females, with an average age of 6.9 years old. The main clinical manifestations were thrombocytopenia, skin ecchymosis, and epistaxis. Most patients didn't receive special treatment after diagnosis. Six English literatures related to MYH9-RD caused by c.279C>G mutation in MYH9 gene were retrieved. Italy reported the highest number of cases (3 cases). Twelve literatures related to MYH9-RD caused by c.4270G>A mutation in MYH9 gene were retrieved. China reported the highest number of cases (9 cases). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of patients in the MYH9-RD pedigrees varied greatly. MYH9 gene c.279C>G and c.4270G>A mutations are the cause of MYH9-RD.

A control study of steroid withdrawal protection strategy after kidney transplantation in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To study the influence of steroid withdrawal protection strategy on height growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 40 stage 5 chronic kidney disease children receiving kidney transplantation from July 2017 to September 2022 at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Based on the primary preoperative disease, patients with immune abnormality-associated glomerular diseases or unknown causes were assigned to the steroid maintenance group, in which patients received steroid tapering within 3 months after surgery to a maintenance dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg/d. While patients with hereditary kidney disease or congenital urinary malformations were assigned to the steroid withdrawal group, in which patients had steroids tapered off within 3 months. The characteristics of height catch-up growth and clinical data were compared between the 2 groups at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after kidney transplantation. T-test, repeated measurement of variance analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used for the comparison between the 2 groups. Results: Among the 40 children, 17 were males, 23 were females, 25 were in the steroid withdraw group ((7.8±2.8) years old when receiving kidney transplantation) and 15 cases were in the steroid maintenance group ((7.6±3.5) years old when receiving kidney transplantation). The study population was followed up for (26±12) months. The total dose per unit body weight of steroids in the steroid withdrawal group was lower than that in the steroid maintenance group ((0.13±0.06) vs. (0.36±0.19) mg/(kg·d), t=5.83, P<0.001). The height catch-up rate (ΔHtSDS) in the first year after kidney transplantation in the steroid withdraw and steroid maintenance groups was 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) and 0.4 (0.1, 1.0), respectively; in the second year, the ΔHtSDS in the steroid withdraw group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (1.1 (0.2, 1.7) vs. 0.3 (0, 0.8), U=28.00, P=0.039). The HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group at the five follow-up time points was -2.5±0.8, -2.0±0.8, -1.5±0.8, -1.3±0.9 and -0.5±0.3, respectively, while in the steroid maintenance was -2.4±1.3, -2.2±1.1, -2.0±1.0, -1.8±1.0 and -1.6±1.0, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in HtSDS at different follow-up time points in both 2 groups (F=19.81, P<0.01), but no statistical differences in overall impact between the 2 groups (F=1.13, P=0.204). The steroid treatment was interaction with the increase of follow-up time (F=3.62, P=0.009). At the 24th month after transplantation, the HtSDS in the steroid withdrawal group was significantly higher than that in the steroid maintenance group (P=0.047). Six patients in the steroid withdrawal group experienced antibody-mediated immune rejection (AMR), while 3 did in the steroid maintenance group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in AMR between the two groups (χ2=0.06, P=0.814). Conclusion: The steroid withdrawal protection strategy favors the height catch-up growth in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation and does not increase the risk of postoperative antibody-mediated immune rejection.

The Effect of SP1 on the Progression of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the transcriptional regulation of SP1 on the scaffold protein ARRB1 and its influence on the progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).@*METHODS@#pGL3-ARRB1-luc, pCDNA3.1-SP1 and other transcription factor plasmids that might be combined were constructed, and the binding of transcription factors to the promoter of ARRB1 was identified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Stable cell lines with over-expressed SP1 (JK-SP1) was constructed by lentiviral transfection, and the expression correlation of SP1 with ARRB1 was demonstrated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Further, the apoptosis, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of SP1 on propagation of leukemic cells was observed on NCG leukemic mice.@*RESULTS@#The expression of fluorescein were enhanced by co-transfection with pCDNA3.1-SP1 and pGL3-ARRB1-luc plasmids in HEK293T cell line (P<0.001), meanwhile, compared with the control group, the expression of ARRB1 mRNA and protein were increased in JK-SP1 cells (both P<0.01). Further in vitro experiments showed that, compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate was higher (x=22.78%) , the cell cycle was mostly blocked in G1 phase (63.00%), and the content of reactive oxygen species increased in JK-SP1 cells. And in vivo experiments showed that the mice injected with JK-SP1 cells through tail vein had a favorable overall survival time (average 33.8 days), less infiltration in liver and spleen tissue.@*CONCLUSION@#Transcription factor SP1 promotes the transcription and expression of ARRB1 by binding the the promoter of ARRB1 directly, thus delays the progress of T-ALL in vitro and in vivo. The study improves the pathogenesis of ARRB1 regulating the initiation and development of T-ALL, and provides theoretical basis for the development of new possible targeted drugs.

Effect of P-coumaric Acid on Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells Based on Oxidative Stress / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid on apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#Multiple myeloma cell line MM.1s cells were selected and treated with different concentrations of p-coumaric acid (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mmol/L), and the inhibition rate and half inhibition concentration (IC50) were detected by CCK-8 method. Then MM.1s cells were treated with 1/2 IC50, IC50, 2 IC50 and transfected with ov-Nrf-2 and ov-Nrf-2+IC50. The apoptosis, ROS fluorescence intensity and mitochondrial membrane potential of MM.1s cells were detected by flow cytometry, and the relative expressions of cellular Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#P-coumaric acid inhibited the proliferation of MM.1s cells in a dose-dependent manner(r =0.997) with an IC50 value of 2.754 mmol/L. Compared with the control group, apoptosis and ROS fluorescence intensity of MM.1s cells were significantly increased in the 1/2 IC50 group, IC50 group, 2 IC50 group and ov-Nrf-2+IC50 group (P <0.01), the expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1 protein in the IC50 group and 2 IC50 group were significantly decreased (P <0.05). Compared with the IC50 group, the cells apoptosis and ROS fluorescence intensity were significantly decreased (P <0.01), and the expressions of Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein were significantly increased in the ov-Nrf-2+IC50 group (P <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#P-coumaric acid can inhibit the proliferation of MM.1s cells and may target the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway to affect oxidative stress in MM cells thereby inducing their apoptosis.

Progress in minimally invasive surgery for adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion / 中华外科杂志

Adjacent segment disease (ASDis) is a common complication of posterior lumbar spine fusion and often requires surgical treatment. In the treatment of ASDis, percutaneous spinal endoscopy can be used for simple decompression without removal of the original internal fixation, or for posterior fixation and fusion under the scope or in combination with other access fixation and fusion techniques, with the advantages of less surgical trauma, less bleeding, and faster postoperative recovery. Traditional trajectory screw technique is one of the risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration because of its tendency to cause damage to the adjacent synovial joint during surgery. In contrast, the cortical tone trajectory (CBT) screw placement technique not only reduces the damage to the articular joint during the screw placement process, but also preserves the original internal fixation in the treatment of ASDis, which significantly reduces the surgical trauma. Secondly, the implantation of CBT screws with the aid of digital technologies such as three-dimentinal printed guides, CT navigation, and robotics allows for more precise "double nailing" of ASDis patients to complete the fusion of adjacent segments, and is a minimally invasive procedure to be considered for patients who meet the clinical indications for fusion. This article reviews the literature on the use of percutaneous spinal endoscopy and CBT in the surgical management of ASDis.

Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix Drug Pair in Supplementing Qi and Activating Blood Circulation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Astragali Radix （AR）-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （ASR） drug pair on supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation in rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis and provide a theoretical basis for clinical rational medication and identification and quality control of compound pharmacodynamic substances from the three aspects of characteristic map， identification of pharmacodynamic substances， and comparison of blood components. MethodHigh-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to establish the fingerprint of AR∶ASR （3∶1）， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） was employed to analyze the ingredients of the decoction. Adult male Wistar rats with SPF grades were selected and randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a 3∶1 group， and a 5∶1 group. The rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was prepared by controlling food intake and swimming in cold water every day. In parallel， each group was given medicine （or water） once a day. The dose of drug groups was 10.2 g∙kg-1， and the model group and blank group were given the same amount of distilled water for 15 d. Animal behavior， body weight， whole blood and plasma viscosity， thymus index， spleen index， the levels of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate（ADP）， von willebrand factor （vWF）， and ATP/ADP value in serum of rats were recorded. The morphology of vascular endothelium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and scanning electron microscopy. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze prototype and metabolic components in serum. ResultThe fingerprint of AR-ASR drug pair （AR-ASR 3∶1） was established. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS identified 49 chemical components in vitro and preliminarily identified 11 prototype components absorbed into blood in vivo. As compared with the blank group， the body mass decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the whole blood （high shear， middle shear， and low shear） viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the thymus index and spleen index decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， serum ATP content decreased significantly （P<0.01）， ADP content increased significantly （P<0.01）， ATP/ADP value decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and vWF content increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the vessels were partially damaged， showing the structural disorder of the intima， the bulge， defect， and roughness of the endothelium， and the obvious cell adhesion and migration in the model group. As compared with the model group， the body mass also increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of whole blood and plasma viscosity showed that the whole blood low shear viscosity was significantly decreased in the 3∶1 group （P<0.05）. The results of thymus index and spleen index showed that 5∶1 group significantly increased the thymus index of rats （P<0.05）. The results of serum ATP and ADP levels showed that the 5∶1 group had more significant effects on ATP and ADP levels （P<0.05）， and both groups significantly reduced ATP/ADP values （P<0.01）. The results of serum vWF level showed that the vWF content in the 3∶1 group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining and scanning electronic microscopy showed that the damage of vascular endothelium was improved in the treatment group and the structure of intima was neat. ConclusionAR-ASR drug pair can improve the macro and micro indexes of rats with qi deficiency and blood stasis in the 3∶1 and 5∶1 groups. Overall， the 5∶1 ratio has a better effect on supplementing Qi but 3∶1 ratio has a better effect on promoting blood circulation.

Associations between indoor volatile organic compounds and nocturnal heart rate variability of young female adults: A panel study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association between short-term exposure to indoor total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) among young female adults.@*METHODS@#This panel study recruited 50 young females from one university in Beijing, China from December 2021 to April 2022. All the participants underwent two sequential visits. During each visit, real time indoor TVOC concentration was monitored using an indoor air quality detector. The real time levels of indoor temperature, relative humidity, noise, carbon dioxide and fine particulate matter were monitored using a temperature and humidity meter, a noise meter, a carbon dioxide meter and a particulate counter, respectively. HRV parameters were measured using a 12-lead Holter. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between the TVOC and HRV parameters and establish the exposure-response relationships, and two-pollutant models were applied to examine the robustness of the results.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of the 50 female subjects was (22.5±2.3) years, and the mean body mass index was (20.4±1.9) kg/m2. During this study, the median (interquartile range) of indoor TVOC concentrations was 0.069 (0.046) mg/m3, the median (interquartile range) of indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, noise level and fine particulate matter concentration were 24.3 (2.7) ℃, 38.5% (15.0%), 0.1% (0.1%), 52.7 (5.8) dB(A) and 10.3 (21.5) μg/m3, respectively. Short-term exposure to indoor TVOC was associated with significant changes in time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters, and the exposure metric for most HRV parameters with the most significant changes was 1 h-moving average. Along with a 0.01 mg/m3 increment in 1 h-moving average concentration of indoor TVOC, this study observed decreases of 1.89% (95%CI: -2.28%, -1.50%) in standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals (SDNN), 1.92% (95%CI: -2.32%, -1.51%) in standard deviation of average normal to normal intervals (SDANN), 0.64% (95%CI: -1.13%, -0.14%) in percentage of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50), 3.52% (95%CI: -4.30%, -2.74%) in total power (TP), 5.01% (95%CI: -6.21%, -3.79%) in very low frequency (VLF) power, and 4.36% (95%CI: -5.16%, -3.55%) in low frequency (LF) power. The exposure-response curves showed that indoor TVOC was negatively correlated with SDNN, SDANN, TP, and VLF when the concentration exceeded 0.1 mg/m3. The two-pollutant models indicated that the results were generally robust after controlling indoor noise and fine particulate matter.@*CONCLUSION@#Short-term exposure to indoor TVOC was associated with significant negative changes in nocturnal HRV of young women. This study provides an important scientific basis for relevant prevention and control measures.

Ethyl Lithospermate Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-κB and STAT3 Pathways in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl lithospermate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine-derived macrophages and zebrafish, and its underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays were performed to investigate the toxicity of ethyl lithospermate at different concentrations (12.5-100 µ mol/L) in RAW 264.7 cells. The cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 12 h to establish an inflammation model in vitro, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to ascertain the protein expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3, Tyr705), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) α, and phospho-I κB α (p-IκB α, Ser32), and confocal imaging was used to identify the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705). Additionally, the yolk sacs of zebrafish (3 days post fertilization) were injected with 2 nL LPS (0.5 mg/mL) to induce an inflammation model in vivo. Survival analysis, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, observation of neutrophil migration, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to further study the anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl lithospermate and its probable mechanisms in vivo.@*RESULTS@#The non-toxic concentrations of ethyl lithospermate have been found to range from 12.5 to 100 µ mol/L. Ethyl lithospermate inhibited the release of IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased IκBα degradation and phosphorylation (P<0.05) as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P<0.01). Ethyl lithospermate also decreased inflammatory cells infiltration and neutrophil migration while increasing the survival rate of LPS-stimulated zebrafish (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, ethyl lithospermate also inhibited the mRNA expression levels of of IL-6, TNF-α, IκBα, STAT3, and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated zebrafish (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Ethyl lithospermate exerts anti-Inflammatory effected by inhibiting the NF-κB and STAT3 signal pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish.

Circulating circRNA expression profile and its potential role in late recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation post catheter ablation / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective and well-established intervention for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Nevertheless, late recurrences of atrial fibrillation (LRAF) occurring during 3 to 12 months are common, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in atrial tissue have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms and progression of PAF in a few studies. However, their expression patterns in peripheral blood and regulatory function in LRAF are not clear.@*METHODS@#In the present study, the expression profile of circulating circRNAs in three paired nonvalvular PAF patients with or without LRAF was investigated by high-throughput sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and circRNA/miRNA regulatory network, were performed to predict the functions and potential regulatory roles of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs.@*RESULTS@#A total of 12,834 circRNAs, comprising 5,491 down-regulated and 7,343 up-regulated circRNAs, were found to be DE in blood smaples from the two groups in peripheral blood between LRAF and non-recurrence control individuals. The most enriched GO categories in terms of molecular function, biological process, and cellular component features were catalytic activity, cellular metabolic process, and intracellular part, respectively. The KEGG enrichment study revealed that the most important metabolic process controlled by DE circRNAs is endocytosis. In the circRNA/microRNAs interaction network, four up-regulated circRNAs (hsa_circ_0002665, hsa_circ_0001953, hsa_circ_0003831, and hsa_circ_0040533) and one down-regulated circRNA (hsa_circ_0041103) were predicted to play potential regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of LRAF.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This investigation discovered the expression pattern of circulating circRNAs that is indicative of PAF late recurrence, which may serve as risk markers or therapeutic targets for LRAF after PVI.

Expression and Clinical Significance of ATP Citrate Lyase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the role of ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the impact of this enzyme on the immune microenvironment of HCC.Methods We utilized the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to identify the changes in ACLY expression and prognosis across different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas.With HCC as the disease model,we analyzed the ACLY expression in HCC samples from the gene expression database.Furthermore,we collected the clinical specimens from HCC patients to verify the mRNA and protein levels of ACLY.In addition,we conducted transcriptome sequencing after knocking down the expression of ACLY to analyze the differentially expressed genes and investigated the impact of ACLY expression interference on cell proliferation and other functions.Finally,we explored the correlations of ACLY with immune cells and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment,new antigens,and immune checkpoint genes.Results ACLY expression was significantly up-regulated in solid tumors including HCC(all P<0.05),and high ACLY expression was associated with overall survival rate in HCC(P=0.005).Furthermore,high ACLY expression affected the presence of immune cells(e.g.,tumor-associated fibroblasts)and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism(all P<0.05).Conclusions ACLY is closely related to the occurrence and development of HCC and lipid metabolism abnormalities.Moreover,it has a specific impact on the immune microenvironment of HCC.

TRIM15 Knockdown Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in HepatocellularCarcinoma Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tripartite motif-containing protein 15 (TRIM15) is a member of the TRIM family, which is a class of proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of TRIM15 in tumors is rarely reported. This study is intended to explain the role of TRIM15 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that TRIM15 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We designed hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knockdown TRIM15 in hepatocarcinoma cell lines. After knocking down TRIM15, cell growth curve and clone formation assays showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P<0. 05). Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that knockdown of TRIM15 blocked cell cycle in the G

Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric emptying in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under enhanced recovery after surgery protocol / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric emptying in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under the enhanced recover after surgery (ERAS) protocol.Methods:Seventy-six patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, who underwent elective laparoscopic hepatectomy or cholecystectomy from January 2019 to December 2020, were divided into 2 groups ( n=38 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and EA group.Both groups used the ERAS strategy of fasting and drinking before operation.Solid food was forbidden after 20: 00 the night before surgery, and 12.5% preoperative oral carbohydrate drinks 800 ml was taken orally from 20: 00 to 22: 00, and preoperative oral carbohydrate drinks 400 ml was taken orally from 5: 30 to 6: 00 on the morning of surgery.The bilateral Zusanli, Zhongwan, Neiguan, and Taichong were stimulated at 7: 30 in group EA, while sham acupoints were stimulated in group C. All the patients underwent ultrasonography of the gastric antrum at 8: 00 for measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions (right-lat CSA), gastric volume (GV), ratio of gastric volume to weight (GV/W), and ratio of right-lat CSA to weight (CSA/W) were measured, and Perlas A semi-quantitative grating was performed.After induction of anesthesia, the level of mucous pepsin at the esophageal entrance was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and positive expression was recorded.The adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting and aspiration during induction of anesthesia were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the supine CSA, right-lat CSA, GV, right-lat CSA/W, GV/W, Perlas A semi-quantitative grading, positive rate of pepsin and incidence of nausea were significantly decreased in group EA ( P<0.05). Conclusions:EA can promote gastric emptying in the patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with preoperative fasting and drinking under ERAS protocol.

A case report of bladder malakoplakia in systemic sclerosis patient / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Systemic sclerosis is a rare and complex autoimmune disease, and malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease. Systemic sclerosis combined with malakoplakia is extremely rare. Diagnosis is difficult before surgery. It is easy to misdiagnose bladder malakoplakia as bladder tumor. This paper reports a middle-aged female patient with systemic sclerosis complicated with bladder malakoplakia. The main clinical manifestations were hematuria and bladder irritation, accompanied by severe diarrhea. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed. Postoperative pathology proved that it was bladder malakoplakia. After the surgery, she continued to take low-dose prednisolone and methotrexate in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. The patient was followed up for 6 months.Transurethral cystoscopy was performed twice, and there was no recurrence.

Saponins in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Their Mechanism of Action： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease（AD） is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations such as memory impairment， aphasia， impaired visuospatial skills， executive function impairment， and personality changes. AD has brought a heavy burden to the family and society due to its unrevealed pathogenesis and the lack of therapeutic approaches. Saponins， a group of oligoglycosides whose aglycones are triterpenes or spirosteroids， are divided into triterpene saponins and steroidal saponins， which have a variety of biological activities. At present， there is no systematic review on the anti-AD effect of saponins. According to the literature published in recent years， the authors summarized the studies of saponins in improving AD based on animal experiments. The results indicated that saponins enhanced learning ability and improved cognitive impairment by inhibiting amyloid β-protein （Aβ） cascade activity， suppressing microtubule-associated protein （tau） hyperphosphorylation， inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammatory factors， regulating apoptosis， inhibiting cholinergic neuronal degeneration， promoting mitochondrial autophagy， regulating intestinal flora， and enhancing energy metabolism， which in turn improved the pathological state of AD animal models. The therapeutic effects of different saponins on AD are different. The present study discussed the effect of different aglycones and sugar chains on the anti-AD activity based on saponins and anti-AD effect to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of saponins.