RESUMEN
Purpose: To assess and analyze the visual outcomes of patients with retinal vein occlusions in a real?world setting with a long?term follow?up of more than 5 years. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 56 patients having retinal vein occlusions from a tertiary eye center, with a mean follow?up of 7 years was performed. Primary outcome measures were mean change in best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and final visit (?5 years), proportion of patients having BCVA better than 20/40 and worse than 20/200, and mean number of injections. Secondary outcome measures were change in central macular thickness (CMT), development of subsequent retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in same eye or the other eye, and development of neovascular complications. Results: The mean change in letter score was + 11.84 in branch RVO (BRVO), +7.14 in non?ischemic central RVO (CRVO), and ?9.5 in ischemic CRVO at 1 year, which changed to + 8.57, ?5 and ? 24, respectively, at the end of follow?up. CMT had improved from 506 ± 98.8 ?m, 576.44 ± 149 ?m, and 618 ± 178.27 ?m, respectively, at baseline to 267 ± 94 ?m, 345.20 ± 122.61 ?m, and 265.50 ± 107.75 ?m, respectively, in BRVO, non?ischemic, and ischemic hemi RVO (HRVO)/CRVO groups. The total mean number of injections given in BRVO, non?ischemic CRVO, and ischemic CRVO groups were 4.6, 6.6, and 4.1, respectively. None of the patients with BRVO developed neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Non?ischemic to ischemic HRVO/CRVO conversion was noted in 4/11 eyes at a mean duration of 12.6 months. NVG was noted in 7/9 eyes (77.8%) in initial ischemic CRVO/HRVO group and 3/4 (75%) converted eyes. Conclusion: Patients with BRVO have good visual outcomes with anti?VEGF, while in CRVO results may vary considerably owing to patient compliance and treatment burden on long?term follow?up in a real?world setting
RESUMEN
Background: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction allows amplification of multiple target sequences of a genome under identical conditions in a single tube. This "one-shot" polymerase chain reaction detection is time and cost effective when large or multiple genes, with many target fragments are investigated. This is applicable for retinoblastoma susceptibility gene having 27 exons with recurrent mutations reported at most of the 12 CGA codons. Materials and Methods: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the amplification of 12 CGA codons, which constitutes about 50 % of retinoblastoma susceptibility gene mutations has been designed. The time and cost (includes only reagent cost) involved in both multiplex and uniplex polymerase chain reaction was also calculated. Results: Twelve CGA codons were multiplexed in 5 instead of 12 uniplex polymerase chain reactions, which took 36 hours and 9.78 US$ whereas multiplex polymerase chain reaction took 15 hours and 6.88 US$. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction method saved 58.3% of time and 29.6% of cost over uniplex polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: Saving time by more than half and cost by nearly a third would help clinicians and geneticists while counseling retinoblastoma patients.