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This case report presents a comprehensive account of effectively managing complete heart block (CHB) in a pregnant patient with prior cardiac surgery. At 36 weeks of gestation, the team opted for an elective caesarean delivery, necessitating the insertion of a temporary pacemaker. The multidisciplinary collaboration, involving obstetricians, cardiologist, and anaesthetist, played a pivotal role in ensuring a secure delivery. The report delves into the intricacies of addressing acquired CHB during pregnancy, emphasizing the scarcity of established protocols and the need for further research in this domain. Physiological changes in pregnancy, potential complications, and pacing recommendations are discussed. The success of this case underscores the significance of meticulous planning, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary approach in managing bradycardia during high-risk pregnancies. Overall, the report provides valuable insights into navigating the complexities of acquired CHB in pregnancy, advocating for enhanced screening, early recognition, and collaborative efforts among specialists.
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Background: The annual and aromatic plant known as Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague belongs to the family Apiaceae. The in vivo antidiabetic efficacy of crude extract extracted from Trachyspermum ammi leaves was assessed in the current study. Study Design: This study engaged in vivo studies to investigate the antidiabetic activity using oral glucose tolerance test and Streptozotcin nicotinamide induced diabetes models and Histopathological studies of pancreas. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Methods: Maceration technique was used to extract META and preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed. Acute toxicity study was done in the swiss albino mice and from acute toxicity studies 2000 mg/kg bd.wt., was found to be safe. The extract was screened for antidiabetic activity using oral glucose tolerance test and Streptozotcin nicotinamide induced diabetes models. The results of antidiabetic activity of META by OGTT and STZ-NIC induced diabetes model showed that the META has significant antidiabetic activity. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggest that Trachyspermum ammi leaf extract has considerable antidiabetic effects. Moreover, need further work to elucidate the mechanism of action.
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The widespread application of synthetic chemicals leads to the unintended negative impact to non-target organisms both directly or indirectly, as these chemicals can infiltrate new environments, disrupting established ecological niches. Laboratory experiments explored the effects of sublethal doses of Cs-O-Arg to the third instar grubs of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi when fed with treated and untreated larvae of diamondback moth (DBM). The results showed that when the untreated third instar C. zastrowi sillemi grub was fed with treated P. xylostella larvae at LC25, LC35 and LC45 concentrations, there was 6.67 per cent mortality of C zastrowi sillemi grub at all the concentrations, after 48 and 72 hours of exposure. but, when the treated C. zastrowi sillemi grubs (LC35 and LC45) were fed with untreated P. xylostella, there was only 3.33 and 10.00 per cent mortality of C. zastrowi sillemi grubs, respectively. Whereas, Cs-O-Arg caused 33.33 per cent mortality when LC45 treated grubs were provided with LC45 treated DBM larvae as feed, whereas the treatment with LC25 concentrations of Cs-O-Arg resulted in the highest pupation percentage (76.67%) and adult emergence rate (73.33%) in C. zastrowi sillemi grubs when fed with DBM larvae treated with the same concentration. Chitosan derivative insecticide causes a mild adverse impact on the survival of the economically significant insect predator C. zastrowi sillemi, which hold valuable implications for guiding decisions regarding the compatible utilization of insecticides alongside C. zastrowi sillemi or other natural predators within integrated pest management strategies.
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Environmental sustainability is a critical concern for the well-being of future generations. Within the realm of sustainability, soil conservation plays a crucial role in preserving Earth's vital resource and maintaining the balance of ecosystems and agricultural productivity. This review explores the importance of environmental sustainability and the significance of soil conservation in achieving this objective. It examines the detrimental impacts of soil degradation on ecosystems and agriculture, emphasizing the need for effective conservation strategies. Various strategies for soil conservation and sustainable land management are discussed, including erosion control, soil restoration, agroforestry, and precision agriculture. The review also highlights the benefits and challenges associated with implementing soil conservation measures. By embracing these strategies, we can ensure the long-term health and productivity of our planet's soil, securing a sustainable future for generations to come.
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Back pain following a caesarean section is a typical complaint. It has been statistically proven that more than 70% of cases, or 7 out of 10 women who give birth, endure back pain. If it is not treated at the appropriate time and with adequate measurement, the back pain may worsen in the future. A systematic literature search was performed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with back pain among patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Many studies have attempted to determine risk factors for back pain after birth in different populations, using different methods and outcome variables. Data were collected from PubMed, Google scholar and the medicine and nursing database. Back pain that persists after a caesarean delivery is brought on by a number of circumstances. Post-partum back pain is linked to a history involving pre- and post-pregnancy back pain, obesity, bad posture while nursing, sitting, walking, and standing are the contributing factors. The study results show that by maintaining posture correction, yoga, meditation, lumbar support, rest and massage helps to alleviate post anesthetic back pain. This study confirms that the overall incidence of back pain is high in comparison to the majority of studies. The severity of back pain caused by spinal anesthesia is highly connected to the size of the spinal needle, body mass index, and number of attempts, body posture and number of bone contacts.
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Back pain following a caesarean section is a typical complaint. It has been statistically proven that more than 70% of cases, or 7 out of 10 women who give birth, endure back pain. If it is not treated at the appropriate time and with adequate measurement, the back pain may worsen in the future. A systematic literature search was performed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with back pain among patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Many studies have attempted to determine risk factors for back pain after birth in different populations, using different methods and outcome variables. Data were collected from PubMed, Google scholar and the medicine and nursing database. Back pain that persists after a caesarean delivery is brought on by a number of circumstances. Post-partum back pain is linked to a history involving pre- and post-pregnancy back pain, obesity, bad posture while nursing, sitting, walking, and standing are the contributing factors. The study results show that by maintaining posture correction, yoga, meditation, lumbar support, rest and massage helps to alleviate post anesthetic back pain. This study confirms that the overall incidence of back pain is high in comparison to the majority of studies. The severity of back pain caused by spinal anesthesia is highly connected to the size of the spinal needle, body mass index, and number of attempts, body posture and number of bone contacts.
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Background: Prevalence of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) ranges between from 6-26%. Increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, urinary and central venous catheterization and endotracheal intubation put patients at an increased risk of affecting with nosocomial infections in pediatric patients.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out on 725 patients aged between 1 month and 12 years admitted in PICU of Al-Ameen medical college hospital, Bijapur, Karnataka, India and institute of child health and hospital for children, Madras medical college, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from 15-09-2020 to 15-08-2022. All patients who were admitted with fever or developed fever in first 48 hours of life were excluded from the study. The data obtained in the course of study was analyzed by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Out of 725 pediatric admissions, the incidence of nosocomial infection in the present was found to be 108 (14.8%). Concerning the type of infection, the commonest reported types were central-line associated bloodstream infection (CABI) 59 (54.6%) and ventilator-associated infection (VAI) 52 (48.1%), followed by bloodstream infection 45 (41.6%), catheter associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) 38 (35.1%) and urinary tract infection (UTI) 30 (27.7%) respectively.Conclusions: The incidence of nosocomial infection was 14.8%. The central line associated blood stream infection was the predominant cause of nosocomial infection. This information can help decision makers establish preventive strategies and implement effective and reliable plans.
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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common complex endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by an array of clinical, endocrinal and metabolic manifestation. Aim of this study was to examine the correlation between clinical, hormonal and ultrasonography features in women diagnosed as polycystic ovarian syndrome.Methods: A cross sectional study of 100 reproductive age group women who had irregular cycles and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. Data about the menstrual history and anthropometric measurements were collected. Clinical observations were like hirsuitism and acanthosis nigricans was noted.Results: In all 100 PCOS women were studied and analysed. The mean age was 24.27(±5.64), mean BMI was 26(±4.8). Among the PCOS women 82% had oligo menorrhoea, 38% had hirsuitism and LH:FSH ratio deranged in 37% cases. The association between women having oligomenorrhoea and obesity with PCO morphology on scan was statistically significant.Conclusions: Young women who are diagnosed as dysregulated PCO are at a high risk to develop PCOD and long term sequel such as diabetes, hypertension and infertility. Lifestyle modification is advisable for managing symptoms and preventing long term complications and have a quality life.
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Aim: Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurs with aging and in various disease states. There are no reliable screening techniques to measure AGEs in clinical settings. In this study, a point-of-care (POC) device was used to validate skin AGE measurements with serum AGE levels and to assess its usefulness to identify individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Materials and methods: The study group comprised individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT: n = 47) and with AGT, that is, either diabetes or prediabetes (n = 68). Intrinsic AGE fluorescence was measured spectrofluorimetrically using multimode plate reader in the serum by exciting the samples at 370 nm and emission readouts at 440 nm. Skin AGEs were acquired using a CE-marked Scout DS commercial device. Serum levels of biomarkers carboxymethyl lysine (CML), carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), and pentosidine were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In subjects with AGT, the skin AGEs [61.3 vs 53.7 arbitrary units (AU), p<0.0001] and serum AGEs (3.5 vs 2.8 AU, p<0.0001) were significantly higher than in individuals with NGT. The levels of CML, CEL, and pentosidine were also significantly higher in the subjects with AGT when compared with NGT (138 vs 89 pg/mL; 2.4 vs 1.4 nmol/mL, and 64 vs 48 pmol/mL, p<0.0001), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive association of skin AGEs with serum AGEs (r = 0.344) (p<0.001), CML (r = 0.323) (p<0.001), CEL (r = 0.308) (p<0.001), and pentosidine (r = 0.251) (p<0.001). In addition, it also showed a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p<0.001), 2-hour post-glucose (p<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p<0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis using AGT as a dependent variable showed that skin AGE scores were significantly (p<0.001) associated with AGT (odds ratio: 1.133, confidence intervals: 1.067–1.203). Conclusion: This study shows that the measurement of skin AGEs using a POC device may be suitable for mass screening of AGT even in low-resource settings.
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Medical ethics education along with attitude and communication training has been incorporated into the regular MBBS curriculum in India from 2019, so as to encourage a caring and communicative approach by doctors towards patients. It would be important to understand the relevance of the educational module in the form of cases to ensure an optimal learning process for future students and doctors in the making. We selected three cases and conducted online debates among small groups of second year MBBS students. Students submitted narratives and their reflections after discussing each case and gave overall feedback. Our findings suggested that the students recognised the complexity of taking decisions when presented with ethical dilemmas and appreciated the opportunity to voice opposing views. The online platform was effective and may be considered in the future as a medium to help integrate discussions on medical ethics alongside clinical work.
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Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a rare benign vascular lesion of the spleen that was first described in 2004. SANT is associated with other concurrent diseases, mostly malignancies. Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor (CFPT) is a tumor-like lesion usually arising from soft tissue or peritoneal sub-serosa. Both SANT and CFPT are considered to be variants of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. We report the rare case of a 24-year-old female presenting with a left abdominal mass that was clinically diagnosed as an extraintestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Histopathological examination revealed SANT of spleen and CFPT. We report this case due to its rarity of occurrence and unusual association of SANT with CFPT.
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The institutional credit agencies like commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBS) and Cooperative banks have been playing a pivotal role in the formation, strengthening and development of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) through micro finance in India. In fact, the banking institutions have become more instrumental in developing micro-enterprises by the women members of Self-Help Groups through providing financial services. Self-Help Groups linkage programmes is suitable and an effective intervention in economic uplift met and financial inclusion for the bottom of the pyramid.1 A proven platform initially conceived for increasing the outreach of banking services among the poor has since graduated to a programme for promotion of livelihoods and poverty the banking sector in rural and urban areas.2 An attempt is made her to analyze the different, financial agencies such as CBs, RRBs and Cooperative banks in providing financial services to the poor and marginalized sections for the promotion and strengthening of self-help groups in India. Micro-finance is an economic development tool whose objective is to assist the poor to work their way out of poverty. In fact, micro-finance is powerful weapon to remove the poverty in our country. There is a greater involvement of banks in providing the loans to the women members of the Self-Help Groups in the country. The institutional credit agencies have played a crucial role in the development of the poor women members of the SHGs.The Regional Rural Banks have covered more than 45 per cent of the women by way of providing loans and advances whereas the Commercial Banks have given the highest amount of loans to the women members of the SHGs. The Cooperative Banks are in the third position in providing the microcredit to the women members of the SHGs. On the whole, the banking sector has played a dominant role in the provision of the bank loans to the poor women of the SHGs in India.
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Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. Micro finance define as efforts to improve poor people's access to loans and saving services may be the fastest growing and most widely recognized anti-poverty too. Micro finance includes basic financial services including small loans, savings accounts, funds transfers and insurance. A long side non-financial service such as business training Micro finance assists people living in poverty who wouldn't usually qualify for regular banking services because they have no form of collateral or formal identification. An attempt is made here to examine the impact of the microfinance on the development of the Self-Help Groups in India. The total number of self-help groups which have maintained savings with banks is 100 lakhs during 2018-19 but only 26.98 lakhs i.e 26.95 percent of the SHGs have obtained credit from the financial institutions. Out of 74.62 lakh SHGs, only 11.96 lakhs i.e. 16.03 percent of the SHGs have got micro-credit from the institutional credit agencies during 2010-11. The above analysis indicates that the number of SHGs which got micro credit has increased from 16 percent to 27 percent i.e only 11 percentage points increased in 2018-19 over 2010-11. About 73 percent of the SHGs are out of the purview of the public financial institutions. Majority of the women members of SHGs are away from the institutional credit agencies. These marginalized women have to depend on informal financial services for their credit needs. So that the financial informal sector (mostly moneylenders)has continued to rule in the rural economy. There is a need to break the monopoly of door step availability of credit to these marginalized sections by the informal sources of credit. The credit needs of the women members have enormously increasing for the last two decades. The average loan disbursement per SHG has increased from Rs.1.22 lakhs during 2010-11 to Rs.2.16 lakhs during 2018-19. This is inadequate to meet the credit requirements of the members in the SHGs. Hence it should be made four to five times of the micro credit per SHGs. The bank loans are not regularly paid by the members of the SHGs. Hence, the amount of loan outstanding has continuously increased since 2010-11. It is evident from the fact that the average outstanding bank loans against SHGs shows higher level. The average outstanding per SHG has increased from Rs.65, 224 during 2010-11 to Rs.171543 during 2018-19, shows two and half-fold increase. As a result of it the overall NPA rate in bank loan to SHGs is steadily increasing since 1910-11. However, the overall NPA rate in bank loan to SHG is 5.19 percent as on 31-03-2019 registering a fall of 93 basis points from the previous level of 6.12 percent. The above analysis reveals that the steady declining the rate of NPA is indicating the recovery of loans made of SHGs is improving during the last few years.
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Context: The proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC) into other cell types are also mediated by mechanical stresses; they might offer therapeutic benefits in tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Objectives: The study was planned to assess the proliferation, clonogenic potential, and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) following the application of light and heavy orthodontic forces. Materials and Methods: A couple forces of 50 gm (light force) were applied on the 1st premolar on the one side and 250 gm (heavy force) on the contralateral side in the upper arch of patients requiring orthodontic treatment with extraction of all 1st premolars. After 30 days, periodontal tissues were scrapped from extracted teeth for the establishment of PDLSC in vitro. PDLC from the lower premolar teeth where no orthodontic force was applied acted as the control group. Morphology, viability, proliferating rate and population doubling time, clonogenicity, and alkaline phosphatase activity were analysed. Result: The osteogenic potential was confirmed by Alizarin red staining and the expression of the osteogenic markers by qRT?PCR. The morphology, growth kinetics, potency, and osteogenic lineage characteristics inferred the application of high force reduced the proliferative ability and osteogenesis of PDLSC, though the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The established PDLSCs demonstrated their MSC?like properties based on morphology, growth kinetics, colony forming ability, and AP activity. The culture?expanded PDLSCs showed their differentiation potential into osteocytes. The application of high force reduced the proliferative ability and osteogenesis of PDLSCs, variations were not significant.differentiation
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Background: Advances in oral and periodontal disease diagnostic research are moving towards methods wherein periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures such as bio?markers. Given the roles of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in modulating the immune response and in the transport of vitamin D, it is hypothesised that quantitative changes of vitamin DBP are associated with periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of the current study is to measure DBP levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with generalised chronic periodontitis, in comparison to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The present cross?sectional clinico?bio?chemical study includes 30 systemically healthy subjects with 15 periodontally healthy and 15 chronic periodontitis subjects who were recruited from the out?patient Department of Periodontics. GCF and blood samples were collected from all the patients. DBP estimation was performed in both the samples using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Serum and GCF DBP levels in chronic periodontitis subjects were significantly higher when compared to the periodontally healthy group. There were no significant correlations found among serum and GCF DBP levels with gender and increasing age in both the groups. An increase in disease severity measured by the increase in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss did not show correlation with the GCF and serum DBP levels in the chronic periodontitis group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, increased serum and GCF DBP levels in chronic periodontitis seem to be a probable marker for identifying ongoing periodontal destruction.
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Abstract Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) uses standardized content and procedures to assess students across multiple domains of learning. The study is aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices and observations of dental faculty on OSCE. The survey was distributed into dental faculty members in randomly selected government and private institutions in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was pre-tested and consisted of 4 categories including general characteristics of respondents, knowledge on utility of OSCE in curriculum and its reliability, attitudes regarding OSCE on a 5 point Likert scale, practices and observations on OSCE on Multiple choice questions (both single answer and multiple answer) and responses on a 5 point Likert scale. The sample size was determined to be 93 and the survey was sent electronically to 10 institutes. 101 complete responses from 7 institutions were considered from the 122 received. Faculty participation in OSCE was high within evaluators 94% (n=94) and administrators 61% (n=61). Majority of respondents (62%) believed that OSCE is most suited for competency based education, to assess cognitive skills (73%) and diagnostic interpretation (79%). Reliability of OSCE can be increased by standardization of evaluators (77%) with highest number believing that 6-8 stations (42%) are the minimum required in an OSCE. Institution guidelines (49%) coupled with workshops (47%) was the preferred method of preparation for OSCE. Majority felt that OSCE is most suitable for high stakes exams (mean=3.37) and it is an indispensable part of dental assessment (mean=3.78). Minimum number of stations for adequate reliability was reported to be lesser that in reported literature, specially so for high stakes assessments. Logistics required for arranging an OSCE and difficulty in standardized patients, may suggest that OSCE should be used in select situations.
Resumen El examen clínico estructurado (ECOE) utiliza contenido y procedimientos estandarizados para evaluar a los estudiantes en múltiples dominios de aprendizaje. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los conocimientos, las actitudes, las prácticas y las observaciones de los profesores de odontología sobre la ECOE. La encuesta se distribuyó a los miembros de la facultad de odontología en instituciones gubernamentales y privadas seleccionadas al azar en Arabia Saudita. El cuestionario se utilizó previamente y constaba de 4 categorías que incluían generalidades de los encuestados, conocimiento sobre la utilidad de la ECOE en el plan de estudios y su confiabilidad, actitudes con respecto a la ECOE en una escala Likert de 5 puntos, prácticas y observaciones sobre la ECOE en preguntas de opción múltiple (ambas respuesta y respuesta múltiple) y respuestas en una escala Likert de 5 puntos. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra en 93 y la encuesta se envió electrónicamente a 10 institutos. Se consideraron 101 respuestas completas de 7 instituciones. La participación del profesorado en ECOE fue alta entre los evaluadores 94% (n=94) y los administradores 61% (n=61). La mayoría de los encuestados (62%) cree que la ECOE es más adecuada para la educación basada en competencias, para evaluar las habilidades cognitivas (73%) y la interpretación del diagnóstico (79%). La confiabilidad de la ECOE puede aumentarse mediante la estandarización de los evaluadores (77%) y el número más alto cree que 6-8 estaciones (42%) son el mínimo requerido en una ECOE. Las directrices de la institución (49%) junto con los talleres (47%) fue el método preferido de preparación para la ECOE. La mayoría consideró que la ECOE es más adecuada para exámenes de alto riesgo (media=3,37) y es una parte indispensable de la evaluación dental (media=3,78).Se informó que el número mínimo de estaciones para una confiabilidad adecuada es menor que en la literatura reportada, especialmente para evaluaciones de alto riesgo. La logística necesaria para organizar un ECOE y la dificultad en los pacientes estandarizados pueden sugerir que el ECOE se debe utilizar en situaciones seleccionadas.
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Preguntas de Examen , Odontología , Docentes de OdontologíaRESUMEN
We aimed to study the histopathological and immunohistochemistry features in clinically diagnosed cases of nanophthalmos using light microscopy. This was an observational comparative study. We enrolled four eyes of four consecutive patients with nanophthalmos and visually significant cataract, who underwent cataract surgery with prophylactic posterior sclerostomy. Histological analysis of the excised scleral tissue was done and compared with age-matched cadaver controls between January 2021 and October 2021. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains were used for histological analysis, and was further supplemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses using a simple light microscope. The immunostained sections were analyzed using confocal microscope for the fibronectin expression level. The main outcome measure was demonstration of histological changes of sclera in nanophthalmic eyes undergoing cataract surgery. Light microscopic features of nanophthalmos revealed thick fibers with fraying and lightly stained cores, irregular serrated edges, and randomly interspersed fibroblasts compared to regular arrangement of collagen fibers seen in cadaver controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis with anti-fibronectin antibody showed strong positivity in clustered fibers in nanophthalmos, and less intense diffuse staining in cadaver tissue. Histoclinical correlation was observed in one nanophthalmic scleral tissue with axial length less than 17 mm showing severe disorganization with diffuse collagenization, loss of fibrillary architecture compared to another specimen with axial length more than 17 mm. Simple, cost-effective light microscopy using basic stains was effective in identifying the characteristic histopathological features in nanophthalmic eyes, and this was further highlighted by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses.
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Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is a rare aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Neuroendocrine carcinomas account for 1–1.5% of cervical cancer and around 12.5% were of large cell types. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who came with complaints of pain abdomen and was reported as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix on biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was done which confirmed the diagnosis.
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@#Nutrition information on food labels guides consumers to purchase healthier food choices. Besides nutrition information, other factors influence a purchase. This study aims to determine the association between the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among tertiary students on nutrition and food labels. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 190 students from three tertiary institutions within Klang Valley completed an online survey. Self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic profiles and KAP questions, available in Malay and English, were distributed. Association between KAP was determined using Spearman's Rho test, while multiple linear regression was used to assess predictors of KAP scores. Mean body mass index (BMI) of the respondents were 20.8 kg/m2. The total mean score for knowledge on food labels was 8.93, followed by attitude and practice with 3.86 and 3.11, respectively. There was a significant correlation between attitude and practice (p<0.005). Nutrient and total calorie information on food labels influenced purchases, with 56.3% of respondents reported looking at the total calorie content, followed by 55.7% and 49.5% checking on sugar and fats, respectively. In addition, other factors such as expiry date (60.9%) and price (59.9%) also influenced purchases. Overall, respondents have a positive attitude on food selection, but male respondents have better knowledge levels than females. However, female respondents interpret food labelling effectively compared to male respondents. Despite having good knowledge and attitude towards nutrition, respondents were still making poor choices. A more extensive range of healthier food options and targeted healthy eating campaigns may empower students to choose more nutritious foods.
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BACKGROUND@#Endogenous pancreatic β-cell regeneration is a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing β-cell function and neogenesis in diabetes. Various findings have reported that regeneration might occur via stimulating β-cell proliferation, neogenesis, or conversion from other pancreatic cells to b-like cells. Although the current scenario illustrates numerous therapeutic strategies and approaches that concern endogenous β-cell regeneration, all of them have not been successful to a greater extent because of cost effectiveness, availability of suitable donors and rejection in case of transplantation, or lack of scientific evidence for many phytochemicals derived from plants that have been employed in traditional medicine. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of gymnemic acid (GA) on β-cell regeneration in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats and high glucose exposed RIN5-F cells. @*METHODS@#The study involves histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis to examine the islet’s architecture.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and/or immunoblot were employed to quantify the β-cell regeneration markers and cell cycle proliferative markers. @*RESULTS@#The immunoexpression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B were significantly increased in GA-treated diabetic rats. On the other hand, treatment with GA upregulated the pancreatic regenerative transcription factor viz. pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1, Neurogenin 3, MafA, NeuroD1, and β-cells proliferative markers such as CDK4, and Cyclin D1, with a simultaneous downregulation of the forkhead box O, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and p21 cip1 in diabetic treated rats. Adding to this, we noticed increased nuclear localization of Pdx1 in GA treated high glucose exposed RIN5-F cells. @*CONCLUSION@#Our results suggested that GA acts as a potential therapeutic candidate for endogenous β-cell regeneration in treating type 1 diabetes.