Schisandrin B Improves the Hypothermic Preservation of Celsior Solution in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND@#Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have emerged as promising therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases. However, how to maintain the activity and unique properties during cold storage and transportation is one of the key factors affecting the therapeutic efficiency of hUCMSCs. Schisandrin B (SchB) has many functions in cell protection as a natural medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SchB on the hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs. @*METHODS@#hUCMSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly. Subsequently, hUCMSCs were exposed to cold storage (4 °C) and 24-h re-warming. After that, cells viability, surface markers, immunomodulatory effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial integrity, apoptosis-related and antioxidant proteins expression level were evaluated. @*RESULTS@#SchB significantly alleviated the cells injury and maintained unique properties such as differentiation potential, level of surface markers and immunomodulatory effects of hUCMSCs. The protective effects of SchB on hUCMSCs after hypothermic storage seemed associated with its inhibition of apoptosis and the anti-oxidative stress effect mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 signaling. @*CONCLUSION@#These results demonstrate SchB could be used as an agent for hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs.

Research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine based on network target theory and technology / 中国中药杂志

Network targets theory and technology have transcended the limitations of the "single gene, single target" model, aiming to decipher the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) based on biological network from the perspective of informatics and system. As the core of TCM network pharmacology, with the development of computer science and high-throughput experimental techniques, the network target theory and technology are beginning to exhibit a trend of organic integration with artificial intelligence technology and high-throughput multi-modal multi-omics experimental techniques. Taking the network target analysis of TCM like Yinqiao Qingre Tablets as a typical case, network target theory and technology have achieved the systematic construction, in-depth analysis, and high-throughput multi-modal multi-omics validation of multi-level biological networks spanning from traditional Chinese and Western phenotypes to tissues, cells, molecules, and traditional Chinese and Western medicines. This development helps to address critical issues in the analysis of mechanisms of TCM, including the discovery of key targets, identification of functional components, discovery of synergistic effects among compound ingredients, and elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of formulae. It provides powerful theoretical and technological support for advancing clinical precision diagnosis and treatment, precise positioning of TCM, and precise research and development of TCM. Thus, a new paradigm of TCM research gradually emerges, combining big data and artificial intelligence(AI) with the integration of human experience and scientific evidence.

The regulating effect of Collybistin on Neuropathic Pain / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of collybistin in the regulation of pain transmission. Methods The distribution of collybistin in spinal cord was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The role of collybis¬tin in pain transmission was evaluated by behavioral experiments. The effect of collybistin on inhibitory synap¬tic transmission was studied by electrophysiological ex¬periments. Results Collybistin was distributed in spi¬nal cord neurons; ShRNA-collybistin induced pain sen-sitization of intact mice ( P < 0. 05 ) . Overexpression of collybistin in spinal cord significantly alleviated pain sensitization induced by peripheral nerve injury ( P <0. 05 ) . ShRNA-collybistin also significantly reduced the amplitudes and frequencies of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mlPSCs) in superficial neurons of spinal cord dorsal horn (P <0. 05) . Overexpression of collybistin in spinal cord could reverse the effects of peripheral nerve injury on mlPSCs (P <0. 05). Con¬clusions Collybistin is involved in pain sensitization induced by peripheral nerve injury in mice.

A comparative analysis of the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer and endoscopic screening compliance in two urban areas and two rural areas in China / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze and compare the distribution of the high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer and the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening in urban China and rural China. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, an epidemiological survey was conducted on residents aged 40-69 in two rural areas (Luoshan county of Henan province, Sheyang county of Jiangsu province) and two urban areas (Changsha city of Hunan province, Harbin city of Heilongjiang province). As a result, high-risk individuals were recommended for endoscopic screening. Chi-square χ(2) test was used to compare the high-risk rate of UGI cancer between urban and rural residents. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the compliance rate of endoscopic screening. Results: A total of 48, 310 residents aged 40-69 were enrolled in this study, including 22 870 (47.34%) residents from rural areas and 25 440 (52.66%) residents from urban areas. A total of 23 532 individuals were assessed with a high risk of UGI cancer, with an overall risk rate of 48.71%. A higher proportion of participants with high risk was observed in rural China (56.17%, 12 845/22 870) than in urban China (42.01%, 10 687/25 440). A total of 10 971 high-risk individuals with UGI cancer participated in endoscopic screening, with an overall compliance rate of 46.62% (10 971/23 532), 45.15% (5 799/12 845) in rural China, and 48.40% (5 172/10 687) in urban China. In rural population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those of females, aged 50-69 years, primary school education or above, high income, a family history of UGI cancer, history of gastric and duodenal ulcer, history of reflux esophagitis, and history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Among the urban population, the compliance rate of endoscopic screening was higher in those aged 40-49 years, uneducated, low income, family history of UGI cancer, history of reflux esophagitis, history of superficial gastritis, but lower in smokers (P<0.05). Conclusions: The proportion of participants with high risk of UGI cancer in rural areas is higher than that of urban areas. The compliance rates of endoscopic screening in urban and rural areas are low, and influencing factors of endoscopic screening exhibit some differences in rural China and urban China.

Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: development in new era under guidance of network pharmacology evaluation method guidance / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases owing to its holistic view and more than 2 000 years of experience in the clinical use of natural medicine. The "holistic" characteristic of TCM gives birth to a new generation of research paradigm featuring "network" and "system", which has been developing rapidly in the era of biomedical big data and artificial intelligence. Network pharmacology, a representative research field, provides new ideas and methods for the research of the interdiscipline of artificial intelligence and medicine, the analysis of massive biomedical data, and the transformation from data to knowledge. TCM plays an important role in proposing the core theory of "network target" and promoting the establishment and development of network pharmacology, and has taken the lead in formulating the first international standard of network pharmacology--Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance. In terms of theory, network target can systematically link drugs and diseases and quantitatively interpret the overall regulatory mechanism of drugs. In the aspect of method, network pharmacology is developing towards a research model that combines computational, experimental, and clinical approaches. This review introduces the resent important progress of TCM network pharmacology in predicting drug targets, understanding the biological basis of drugs and diseases, and searching for disease and syndrome biomarkers. Under the guidance of Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance, the development of network pharmacology is expected to become more and more standardized and healthy. Network target will help produce more high-quality research outcomes in TCM and effectively boost the modernization and internationalization of TCM.

TCM network pharmacology: A new trend towards combining computational, experimental and clinical approaches / 中国天然药物

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a precious treasure of the Chinese nation and has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The holistic view of TCM coincides with the new generation of medical research paradigm characterized by network and system. TCM gave birth to a new method featuring holistic and systematic "network target", a core theory and method of network pharmacology. TCM is also an important research object of network pharmacology. TCM network pharmacology, which aims to understand the network-based biological basis of complex diseases, TCM syndromes and herb treatments, plays a critical role in the origin and development process of network pharmacology. This review introduces new progresses of TCM network pharmacology in recent years, including predicting herb targets, understanding biological foundation of diseases and syndromes, network regulation mechanisms of herbal formulae, and identifying disease and syndrome biomarkers based on biological network. These studies show a trend of combining computational, experimental and clinical approaches, which is a promising direction of TCM network pharmacology research in the future. Considering that TCM network pharmacology is still a young research field, it is necessary to further standardize the research process and evaluation indicators to promote its healthy development.

Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction () Combined with Lactobacillus Acidophilus Improves Gastrointestinal Function of Traumatic Brain-Injured Model Mice / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD, ) combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on the recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function in traumatic brain-injured (TBI) mice.@*METHODS@#A total of 150 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-injury, normal saline (NS), DCQD (0.4 mL/day), LA (⩾1 × 10 cfu/day LA), DCQD+LA (LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding DCQD), and ½ DCQD+LA groups (LA administration at the same dosage after 4 h of feeding ½ DCQD dose) by a random number table, 5-8 mice in each group. The sever TBI model was constructed according to Feeney's enhanced gravitational forces of free falling. On days 1, 3, and 7 post-TBI, plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Occludin expression in the intestinal epithelium was assessed by Western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the morphological changes in the network structure of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and change of enteric nervous system-ICC-smooth muscle cell (ENS-ICC-SMC). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect changes in the network structure of the ICC.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the NS group, occludin expression in the DCQD+LA group significantly increased on Day 1, 3, and 7 post-TBI (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The concentration of DAO significantly decreased in the LA, DCQD, and DCQD+LA groups on Day 3 and 7, whilst the D-lactate concentrations in the LA and ½ DCQD+LA groups decreased on Day 1 and 3 post-injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The NS group experienced a great damage on the ENS-ICC-SMC network morphology and ICC network structure, and all treatment groups had some improvements, among which the DCQD+LA group presented relatively intact network morphology.@*CONCLUSIONS@#DCQD combined with LA treatment could effectively repair the intestinal mucosal barrier and improve GI motility in mice after TBI. The combination of DCQD and LA was more effective than their respective monotherapies.

Chemical constituents of Artemisia rupestris / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Artemisia rupestris. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic method. Results: Eighteen compounds were isolated and purified, which structures were identified as 2α-(2',4'-hexadiynoyl)-1,6-dioxaspiro [4,5]-deca-3-ene (1), chrysophanol (2), ethyl vanillate (3), methyl linolenate (4), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (5), eicosane coumaric acid ester (6), emodin (7), 2,5-di-tert-butylphenol (8), phellopterin (9), syringic acid (10), 7-methoxycoumarin (11), vanillin (12), imperatorin (13), oroxylin A (14), 5-hydroxy-3,4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (15), erucylamide (16), octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (17) and 3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (18). Conclusion: Compounds 1, 4, 11-14 and 18 are isolated from A. rupestris for the first time, and all the other compounds were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time.

Tongue coating microbiome as a potential biomarker for gastritis including precancerous cascade

The development of gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current invasive gastritis diagnostic methods are not suitable for monitoring progress. In this work based on 78 gastritis patients and 50 healthy individuals, we observed that the variation of tongue-coating microbiota was associated with the occurrence and development of gastritis. Twenty-one microbial species were identified for differentiating tongue-coating microbiomes of gastritis and healthy individuals. Pathways such as microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics and bacterial chemotaxis were up-regulated in gastritis patients. The abundance of Campylobacter concisus was found associated with the gastric precancerous cascade. Furthermore, Campylobacter concisus could be detected in tongue coating and gastric fluid in a validation cohort containing 38 gastritis patients. These observations provided biological evidence of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine, and indicated that tongue-coating microbiome could be a potential non-invasive biomarker, which might be suitable for long-term monitoring of gastritis.

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized clinical trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are a series of perioperative care to optimize preoperative preparation, prevent postoperative complications, minimize stress, and speed up recovery. This study aimed to assess the impact of ERAS protocols for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).@*METHODS@#One hundred and two patients with CRSwNP undergoing FESS were randomly divided into the ERAS group and the control group. The outcomes of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS) and Kolcaba Comfort Scale Questionnaire (GCQ) were determined in both groups. The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively.@*RESULTS@#The ERAS group had a significantly better SAS scores than did the control group (28 [24, 35] vs. 43 [42, 47], Z = 5.968, P  0.05); However, the CRP level in 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the ERAS group than that in the control group (2.5 [1.4, 3.9] vs. 6.6 [3.8, 9.0], Z = 5.027, P  0.05), hemorrhage, aspiration and tumble, were not increased in the ERAS group compared with those in the control group. The ERAS group had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (5 [4, 5] days vs. 8 [8,9] days, Z = 8.939, P < 0.001) and hospitalization expenses ($ 2670 [2375, 2740] vs. $3129 [3116, 3456], Z = 8.514, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ERAS protocols might optimize FESS for patients with CRSwNP by reducing psychological and physical stress, shortening the length of hospital stay and lowering hospitalization expenses without increasing postoperative complications.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR1800015791; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=26872.

Two new mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on multi-N chelating ligand inhibit YAP expression and induce caspase-mediated spinal tumor cell apoptosis

Two new coordination polymers [Zn (bdc)(bpybzimH2)](DMF)0.5 (1, H2bdc=1,4-dicarboxybenzene, bpybzimH2=6,6′-bis-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) and [Co (bpybzimH2)(sbc)]H2O (2, H2sbc=4-mercaptobenzoic acid) have been successfully prepared under solvothermal conditions using the multi-N chelating organic ligand bpybzimH2 as the foundational building block. In addition, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was conducted to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity of compounds 1 and 2 against human spinal tumor cells OPM-2. The cell viability curves showed that the two compounds have anti-proliferation activity on spinal tumor cells, and the activity of compound 1 is higher than compound 2. The annexin V-FITC/PI assay and western blot were used to detect the apoptotic percentage of OPM-2 cells incubated with compounds 1 and 2. The YAP protein expression and its role in cell apoptosis were further studied with qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and flow cytometer.

Analysis of liver function, serum lipid and blood routine in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer before radioactive iodine treatment / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the effect of temporary hypothyroidism state to liver function, serum lipid and blood routine in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) prepared for radioactive iodine treatment. Methods?·?A total of 182 patients with DTC undergoing radical operation of thyroid cancer and radioactive iodine treatment were collected. All these patients were divided into 3 groups by age: 26 in young group (<30 years), 112 in middle-aged group (30-54 years) and 44 in elderly group (?≥?55 years). Indicators of liver function, blood lipids and blood routine were compared before and after operation, among groups as well. Results?·?Patients under hypothyroidism state had significantly elevations in ALT, AST, LDH and serum bile acid, but a notable decrease of serum bilirubin (all P<0.05). Meanwhile they had remarkable elevations in triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL (all P<0.05). In the young group before thyroid hypothyroidism treatment, the elevation of ALT, AST, LDH and serum bile acid were more significant than those of the middle-aged and elderly patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion?·?The temporary hypothyroidism state of differentiated thyroid cancer patients could elevate liver enzymes as well as dyslipidemia.

Determination of flavonoids constituents in epimedium total flavone capsule and research on its anti-osteoporosis activity / 中国中药杂志

To develop a rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) method for the simultaneous determination of epimedoside A, epimedin A1, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, baohuosideⅡ, icarisideⅠ, sagittatoside B, 2"--rhamnosyl icarisideⅡ, and baohuosideⅠin epimedium total flavone capsule. At the same time, the effects of the above 11 compounds on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated by detecting the content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP). The results showed that baohuoside Ⅱ had the highest activities, and both the activities of baohuoside Ⅱ and icariside Ⅰ were stronger than those of icariin.In this study, the content determination method of flavonoid glycosides was established, and the anti-osteoporosis effect of monomers was compared, providing technical support for the study of the pharmacodynamic and mechanism of Epimedium total flavone capsule.

Colorectal cancer preventive effect of combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the colorectal cancer preventive effect of the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from Angelica sinensis. The AOM/DSS model in mice was adopted. Phenolic acids were administrated orally in the initial stage of the model at a dose of 1 g·kg⁻¹ BW, which was combined withtherectal administration with three doses of supercritical extracts (15, 30, 60 g·kg⁻¹ BW). PCNA, 8-oxoguaine, γ-H2AX, iNOS and COX-2 were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. The results showed that the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from A. sinensis suppressed the tumor growth and cell proliferation, and DNA damages and inflammatory responses were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the combined administration of phenolic acids and supercritical extracts from A. sinensis have a certain effect in preventing carcinogenesis.

Clinical Study on Shugan Hewei Formula for Treatment of Cancer-related Depression / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shugan Hewei Formula for cancer-related depression. Methods Totally 92 cancer-related depression patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 46 patients in each group. All patients already finished the treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and were in stable stage. The Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Dispersible Tablets was given to the patients in the control group, 20 mg each time,once a day,orally;Shugan Hewei Formula was given to those in the treatment group,a dose a day,twice a day, orally. The treatment for both groups lasted for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, HAMD scores and KPS scores were observed; the change of cerebral neurotransmitters levels in the brain of patients were detected; IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were tested by ELISA. Results HAMD scores in the two groups decreased markedly after treatment (P<0.05). HAMD scores in treatment group was less than that in control group after treatment (P<0.05). KPS scores increased in treatment group after treatment, and were better than the control group (P<0.05). The contents of NE, 5-HT increased, IL-6 and TNF-αdecreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05). The contents of NE and 5-HT in the treatment group were higher than the control group after treatment, while the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). No adverse reactions and side effects were observed in the treatment group. 5 cases of mild nausea and 6 cases of abnormal liver function were found in the control group. Conclusion Shugan Hewei Formula can increase the contents of NE and 5-HT in the brain of cancer-related depression patients, decreased cytokines levels, and improve patients' depressive state.

Clinical Study on Shugan Hewei Formula for Treatment of Cancer-related Depression / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shugan Hewei Formula for cancer-related depression. Methods Totally 92 cancer-related depression patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 46 patients in each group. All patients already finished the treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and were in stable stage. The Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Dispersible Tablets was given to the patients in the control group, 20 mg each time,once a day,orally;Shugan Hewei Formula was given to those in the treatment group,a dose a day,twice a day, orally. The treatment for both groups lasted for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, HAMD scores and KPS scores were observed; the change of cerebral neurotransmitters levels in the brain of patients were detected; IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were tested by ELISA. Results HAMD scores in the two groups decreased markedly after treatment (P<0.05). HAMD scores in treatment group was less than that in control group after treatment (P<0.05). KPS scores increased in treatment group after treatment, and were better than the control group (P<0.05). The contents of NE, 5-HT increased, IL-6 and TNF-αdecreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05). The contents of NE and 5-HT in the treatment group were higher than the control group after treatment, while the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). No adverse reactions and side effects were observed in the treatment group. 5 cases of mild nausea and 6 cases of abnormal liver function were found in the control group. Conclusion Shugan Hewei Formula can increase the contents of NE and 5-HT in the brain of cancer-related depression patients, decreased cytokines levels, and improve patients' depressive state.

Design and Implementation of Online Medical Examination Report Query System / 医学信息学杂志

The paper introduces the design and implementation of residents online medical examination report query system based on cloud platform,including the system architecture,process,data structure,security and necessary controls,etc.This system makes it able for the residents to check their medical examination reports and corresponding video pictures whenever and wherever possible on the Internet.

Visualization Analysis on Development Hotspots of Neural Stem Cells / 医学信息学杂志

The paper uses the methods of bibliometrics and mathematical statistics to carry out statistical analysis on the scientific pa pers in Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in 2007-2016 recorded by the SCI database from the aspects of distribution of years,countries,institutions,journals,funds and high-frequency keywords,and generally evaluates the development hotspots and application prospect of NSCs in the recent 10 years.

Long-term follow-up of Chinese herbal medicines combined with conventional treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention: A multicenter randomized controlled trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prognosis effect of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for benefiting qi and activating blood circulation adjunctive to conventional treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 702 patients with ACS who underwent PCI were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive conventional treatment plus CHMs for benefiting qi and activating blood circulation (treatment group, 351 cases) or conventional treatment alone (control group, 351 cases) for 6 months. Six months later, all patients received conventional treatment alone. Follow-ups were scheduled at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th month after enrollment in April 2008, and the final follow-up visit was during September 2011 and November 2011. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or revascularization (PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting); and the secondary endpoint was the composite of re-admission for ACS, congestive heart failure, nonfatal stroke or other thrombus events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 621 (88.59%) patients completed 35.4±3.8 months follow-up, while 80 (11.41%) patients withdrew from the trial (41 in the treatment group and 39 in the control group). The incidence of primary endpoint was 5.7% (20 patients) in the treatment group versus 10.86% (38 patients) in the control group [relative risk (RR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 0.88; P=0.013; absolute risk reduction (ARR):-0.052, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.01]. The incidence of secondary endpoint was 5.98% (21 patients) in the treatment group versus 10.28% (36 patients) in control group (RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.97, P=0.037; ARR: -0.043, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.01). Most of the primary and secondary endpoints were occurred in 18 months (84.50% in the treatment group versus 78.10% in the control group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CHMs for benefiting qi and activating blood circulation adjunctive to conventional treatment improved clinical outcomes for patients with ACS after PCI in long-term follow-up.</p>

Whole Genome Analysis Reveals New Insights into Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Mutations in 23S rRNA gene are known to be associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). However, these mutations alone do not fully explain the high resistance rates in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate other possible mutations involved in macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole genomes of 10 clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae with macrolide resistance were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The role of the macrolide-specific efflux transporter was assessed by efflux-pump inhibition assays with reserpine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 10 clinical isolates in comparison to the reference strains M129 and FH. Strikingly, 4 of 30 SNPs causing non-synonymous mutations were clustered in macrolide-specific efflux system gene macB encoding macrolide-specific efflux pump protein of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. In assays of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of macrolide antibiotics in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors caused a significant decrease of MICs, even under detectable levels in some strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggests that macrolide efflux pump may contribute to macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae in addition to the common point mutations in 23S rRNA gene.</p>