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Objective@#To understand the current situation and associated factors of cellphone usage and addiction among Chinese children and adolescents, to provide reference for effective prevention and intervention of cellphone addiction.@*Methods@#Using a stratified random sampling approach, 11 213 children and adolescents and their parents from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China were recruited and surveyed.@*Results@#The median of daily mobile phone use time among Chinese children and adolescents were 120.00 minutes, as reported by either children or parents. Child s age( β =0.12), hedonic( β =0.11) and social( β =0.09) cellphone use motivations positively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.01). Cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.06) and knowledge( β =-0.03), as well as cellphone usage on instrumental( β =-0.04) or self representation( β =-0.16) motivation negatively related to time spent on cellphone( P <0.05). Child s age( β =-0.04), cellphone related parental communication( β =-0.09) and awareness( β =-0.14), cellphone use on instrumental motivation( β =-0.22) were negatively associated with cellphone addiction among children and adolescents( P <0.05). Cellphone related parental monitoring( β =0.07), as well as cellphone usage on self representation motivation( β =0.03) or hedonic motivation( β =0.29) positively related to cellphone addiction in children and adolescents( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Time spent on mobile phone and mobile phone addiction of Chinese children and adolescents are influenced by various internal and external factors, such as the mobile phone use motivation and parenting style.Future school education should help children develop scientific motivation for mobile phone use. Family education should help parents develop positive parenting behaviors such as communication and awareness, so as to reduce the possibility of improper mobile phone use.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify genotype of eight strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) isolated from Nan Peng Lie Islands in China and establish tsutsugamushi disease nature foci for this region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used. Three primers were selected from the DNA sequence of the gene encoding type-specific 56-kDa protein of the Karp strain. The positive products were digested by Hine II and Pst I, meanwhile profiles specific to each strain were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three genotypes of O. tsutsugamushi including Karp, Kato and a new strain existed on Nan Peng Lie Islands.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nan Peng Lie Islands is tsutsugamushi disease nature foci.</p>
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Ratas , China , ADN Bacteriano , Genotipo , Orientia tsutsugamushi , Genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de RestricciónRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease whose incidence has increased in the Nan Peng Lie Islands in China, an area where this disease has not been previously recorded.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We recorded the natural foci and isolated Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) organism. We also studied prevention measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>These islands had the natural foci of a south subtropical zone. The main host and vector were Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium deliens (L. deliens), respectively. The seasonal quantity trends of Rattus norvegicus and Leptotrombidium deliens were consistent with the incidence of human infection. Thirty-five strains of O. tsutsugamushi were isolated from Rattus norvegicus and L. deliense. The identification of 7 strains showed that most strains were Karp. Seroepidemiology showed a high prevalence of antibody against O. tsatsugamushi among local people. After prevention measures were used, the incidence was decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was the first successful confirmation that the Nan Peng Lie Islands were natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease.</p>