RESUMEN
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, which is named for its ultrastructure and immunophenotype similar to Merkel cells in the skin. It has been found that the integration of MCC with the oncogenic Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) may drive tumorigenesis or cause somatic mutations to the development of MCC because of ultraviolet ray-induced DNA damage. However, the pathogenesis of MCC is still unclear. This article introduces the current research progress of the pathogenesis of MCC, hoping to provide theoretical guidance for follow-up researches.
RESUMEN
Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of hydrogel implantation in prostate cancer patients for radiotherapy.Methods:A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and VIP to collect controlled clinical research literature concerning hydrogel implantation in prostate cancer for radiotherapy. The Revman 5.3 software was used to perform meta-analyses of rectal V70, rectal D2 cm 3, rectal toxicity effects and bowel symptoms. Results:The review included ten controlled clinical trials involving 1 360 patients (690 in the hydrogel group and 670 in the control group). The result of Meta-analysis showed that the rectal V70 and rectal D2 cm 3 of prostate cancer patients in the hydrogel group were significantly lower than those in the control group( MD=-4.5, 95% CI -7.11 to -1.90, P<0.001; MD=-19.78, 95% CI -25.92 to -13.63, P<0.001), early and late G1 rectal toxic effects in the hydrogel group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.90, P=0.01; OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.13-0.60, P=0.001)and the late bowel quality of life in the hydrogel group was significantly improved compared with the control group( MD=5.13, 95% CI 3.29-6.98, P<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in early and late ≥G2 rectal toxic effects( OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.17-1.25, P=0.13; OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.09-2.17, P=0.31)and the early bowel symptoms( MD=2.30, 95% CI -1.31-5.91, P=0.21)between the two groups. Conclusions:Hydrogel implantation inprostate cancer for radiotherapy can reduce rectal V70 and rectal D2 cm 3, lower the early and late G1 rectal toxic effects, and reduce improve the late bowel symptoms.