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Current antiviral treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) includes pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). Whether combination therapy with PEG-IFN and NAs improve therapeutic efficacy has become the key question regarding the antiviral therapy for CHB. This article reviews the recent progress in combination therapy for the management of CHB. The results indicate that the efficacy of simultaneous combination of PEG-IFN and NAs is not superior to that of PEG-IFN monotherapy in terms of HBeAg seroconversion and response after drug withdrawal. Sequential combination or switching therapy in PEG-IFN- or NAs-treated patients, as well as combination with immune cell therapy, is a promising treatment strategy.
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Objective To observe the dynamic expressions of kielin/chordin-like protein (kcp) in mouse model of hepatic fibrosis and the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7)intervention on the expressions,and to explore a new target for treatment of fibrosis.Methods A total of 50 healthy male ICR mice were divided into three groups:control group(n=10) ; model group (n=30) and BMP-7 treatment group (n=10).The model group was further divided into three subgroups according to different time points:subgroups of 4,8 and 12 weeks with 10 mice in each subgroup.The mouse model of hepatic fibrosis was established by hypodermic injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4 ).The mice in BMP-7 treatment group began to receive human recombmant BMP- 7via intraperitoneal injection after 8 weeks of the first administration of CC14 and lasted for 4 weeks.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST) and albumin (Alb) were detected.The pathological changes of liver were observed under optical microscope after HE and Masson staining.The dynamic expressions of kcp mRNA and protein of each group were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The comparison of means among groups was done by univariate ANOVA.Results In model group,ALT and AST levels increased,while Alb level gradually decreased,and peaked at week 12.BMP-7treatment could reduce the changes,and there were significant differences among groups (F=23.501,34.600 and 16.244,respectively; all P＜0.05).In normal control group,the expressions of kcp mRNA and protein were low,while those in model group were gradually increased.BMP-7 treatment could achieve remission and the changes were all significantly different among groups (F=30.362 and 10.727,respectively; P＜0.01 or 0.05).The expression of kcp mRNA was positively correlated with levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA and BMP-7 mRNA (r=0.760 and 0.769,respectively; both P＜0.05).Conclusions BMP 7 can improve the hepatic fibrosis in mice.kcp may play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis which is a potential therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
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Objective To study the CT findings and differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid cystic lesions.Methods 48 cases of solitary thyroid cystic lesions confirmed pathologically were analysed retrospectively.Results According to the CT findings,the lesions could be divided into there types:type Ⅰ simple cyst(n=35),type Ⅱ cyst with nodule on the wall(n=4) and type Ⅲ cyst with thick wall and/or round mass on it(n=9).The enhanced ring appeared in thyroid adenomas was complete(n=25) in comparison with the enhanced ring was fragmentary appeared in thyroid carcinoma(n=2),double circle enhanced ring appeared in abscess(n=2).Type Ⅰ more common appeared in benign lesions(35/35) in comparison with type Ⅱ in malignant lesions(7/9)(P
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Reported in this paper is the constituent analysis of shark Carcharhinus latistomus from China by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Squalene and fifteen kinds of fatty acids were identified,the contents of squaiene and fatty acids were determined.