Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in patients with Buerger's disease

Patients suffering from Thrornboangiitis Obliterans [TAO] or Buerger's disease have endothelial cell dysfunction and the severity of the disease lies in the need for amputation in more than a quarter of all sufferers. The aim of present study was to determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized autologous bone-marrow derived mononuclear cells transplantation improves endothelial dysfunction in these patients. Circulating mononuclear cells containing endothelial progenitor cells were obtained from patients following bone-marrow mobilization with granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells were enumerated prior to intramuscular injection into the affected limbs. In this pilot study, autologous bone-marrow derived mononuclear cell therapy collected from peripheral blood following granulocytes colony stimulating factor [G-CSF] mobilization was effective, safe and resulted in sustained clinical results for patients with severe peripheral occlusive arterial diseases

Increased activation and expansion of a CD57+ subset within peripheral CD8+ T lymphocytes in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte responses restrict the spread of extracellular pathogens by limiting M.tuberculosis replication. Alterations in cytolytic function, inappropriate maturation/differentiation, and limited proliferation could reduce their ability to control M.tuberculosis replication. In an attempt to further characterize the immune responses during M.tuberculosis infection, we enumerated delta and alpha beta receptor-bearing T cells expressing CD8 or CD4 phenotype and analyzed the differentiation phenotypes of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations in 47 cases [23 new cases and 24 multidrug resistant patients] and 20 control subjects, using flowcytometry. We found that the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly lower in newly-diagnosed M.tuberculosis patients compared to multidrug resistant and control subjects [P < 0.003]. Also, we found that a large proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in newly-diagnosed patients was defined by increased surface expression of CD57 as compared to the two other settings [P < 0.002]. This increase was more profound in patients with an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. Analysis of the late activation antigen revealed that this was predominantly HLA-DR+ [P < 0.003]. No significant changes were observed in the percentages of CD8+CD57+ T cells between the different settings. Moreover, the co-stimulatory molecule CD28+ tended to be underexpressed by CD8+ T cells in multidrug resistant patients when compared to newly-diagnosed subjects [P < 0.002], but not to the control subjects. In contrast, the frequency of CD28+ marker on CD4+ T cells was higher in the setting of multidrug resistant compared with those of new cases [P < 0.0001]. No significant changes were observed in percentages of delta receptor-bearing T cells between different groups. We suggest that the increase in the proportion of CD57+ within CD8+ T cells in newly-diagnosed patients results from M.tuberculosis antigenic stimulation, which is a hallmark of many infections and that the protracted accumulation of CD57+ T lymphocytes might reflect an end-stage differentiation phenotype