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1.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233732

RESUMEN

Assessment of plant medicine for treating infertility and related disorders is making headway universally recent couple of decades to bring out new effective and safe substances as an alternative medicine. Present paper reviews the published literature on plant medicine used for female infertility and related disorders. The 53 research papers or reports shortlisted are based studies under taken in India. Total 459 uses of 202 medicinal plants classified under 84 families. Total 62 trees, 55 shrubs, 79 herbs and 3 climbers are reported. Most used plant parts for making medicine are roots in 111 formulations and leaf in 101 formulations. Medicinal plants used for infertility are 84, while for related disorder like leucorrhoea 79 plants, menorrhagia 53, dysmenorrhea 29, amenorrhea 23 and 22 plants used to regulate menstruation. Additional investigations could be helpful to verify the claims reported using a specific formulations or recipes and which will subsequently result in providing possible the alternative medicine for the treatment of female infertility.

2.
Artículo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233489

RESUMEN

Use of plant medicine during pregnancy, childbirth and in postpartum care has grown significantly worldwide and is remarkably well-known in different regions of India. Traditional plant medicine has the potential for treating various diseases/ailments and is evidenced by well-known pharmacopeia of India - Ayurveda. This paper reviews the research papers on plant medicine utilization during pregnancy, childbirth and for postpartum care based on information published from India. Total 206 uses of 146 medicinal plants belong to 69 families, of which 125 are herbs, 39 trees, 26 shrubs and 16 climbers. Plant parts used as medicine for treating various disorders during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum are 75 leaves, 48 roots, 23 seeds, 19 whole plants, 15 fruits, 11 barks, stem and flower 5 each, gum 2, latex 1, while in 24 cases part used is not specified. The use of plants for treating various disorder/ailments during pregnancy, of these most prevalent use is as a tonic (23 uses) which followed by vomiting (10), abdominal pain (9), to facilitate delivery (6) and so on. Use of plants during childbirth, maximum number of plants used to facilitate deliver (32 uses), for labor pain (15), and to induce labor (12). While use of plants for postpartum care, includes (37 uses) for lactation, (10) for haemorrhage, and 7 for abdominal pain.

3.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159822

RESUMEN

Introduction'. A large number of tuberculosis cases are continuously being reported from India and other developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality. In spite of many newer tests available for diagnosing a case of tuberculosis, smear microscopy of sputum is still the preferred test under programmatic conditions. The current national and international guidelines recommend two sputum smear examinations in two days for diagnosing cases of tuberculosis, which is time consuming, tedious, needs multiple visits, leading to high dropout of infectious cases. In the background of existing limitations of smear microscopy, we attempted to complete the diagnosis of tuberculosis on same day by serial collection of the spot sputum specimen and analyze its advantages, feasibility and viability. Material & Methods: The study was undertaken by the Department of Microbiology, Lala Ram Sarup Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases during May 2010 to April 2011. Sputum specimens were collected from 330 randomly selected tuberculosis suspects who attended OPD of hospital, patients submitted spot and home collected morning sputum sample in a standard method and spot and additional spot sputum(X- spot) collected one hour after the flrst spot sample as per the proposed front loading method. All the samples received were stained by acid fast Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and examined on the same day. The sputum sample was pooled and cultured in Lowenstein Jensen (U) media in duplicate set of bottles. The results of two different microscopic methods were compared with the gold standard culture test. Results: Out of the total 330 TB suspects, 70.60% were males and 29.39% females. The most common complaint was of cough with sputum (88.18%), chest pain (70.21%), fever (55.15%) and loss of appetite (43.03%). Upon examining the total sputum slides, 18.48 % were positive for acid fast bacilli. The smear positivity was 61/330(l8.48%) by standard methods and in proposed new method 43/330(13.03%). Sensitivity of the standard and proposed new method smear microscopy was 58.25% and 40.07% respectively and specificity was 99.55% in both the methods. Conclusion: Same day smear microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis by a proposed new method of smear examination in the case of suspected tuberculosis seems not a promising step towards improving the quality of sputum smear examination. The results of sensitivity and specificity of the two approaches were not similar. More than eighty per cent responded in favour of same day sputum delivery system and getting result on same day. This study can be confirmed on larger scale and preference of patients can be examined in peripheral laboratory also before taking it up for consideration in the national tuberculosis programme.

4.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138667

RESUMEN

Objective. To study the seasonality of tuberculosis (TB) in a tertiary care tuberculosis and respiratory hospital in Delhi. Methods. Data from a tertiary care respiratory hospital in south Delhi over a six years period from April 2002 to March 2008 were analysed. Results. Symptomatics: A total of 192,863 patients were registered newly in the hospital during this period. Maximum number of symptomatic patients reported to the out-patient department during April-June and the minimum during October-December. An increase of about 25% in symptomatics was observed (p<0.05) in the period from April to June in comparison to October to December. The amplitude of seasonal variation was estimated as 11% of the annual mean symptomatics. Tuberculosis cases: The maximum sputum-positive TB cases were diagnosed during the period from April to June and the number was least during October to December. There was an increase of about 34% in sputum-positive cases (p<0.001) during the period from April to June against October to December. The amplitude of seasonal variation was estimated as 14.4% of the annual mean smear-positives per quarter. The extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) cases were the maximum during April-June. Chest symptomatics of all types of TB cases were the lowest in January. Conclusions. A seasonal pattern of TB was observed for pulmonary TB and EPTB cases. This information would be useful for administration and managers to take extra care to arrange and provide extra facilities during the peak seasons.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Hospitales de Enfermedades Crónicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/epidemiología
5.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146852

RESUMEN

Background: DOTS Plus site at LRS Institute, New Delhi, covering 1.8 million population. Aims: To ascertain if sputum smear could be used as a surrogate for culture during intensive phase of treatment of MDRTB patients thereby enabling early shift from intensive phase to continuation phase, reducing the need for frequent cultures and saving time and cost in their management. Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of 138 MDR-TB patients on DOTS Plus treatment whose sputum samples were simultaneously subjected to smear microscopy and culture, monthly during Intensive Phase and once in two months during Continuation Phase. Sputum results in the treatment card were supplemented from laboratory register, if required, and analyzed. Predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of smear were compared with culture results. Results: The Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of smear was high from the 3rd month onwards (above 91%), at four months 98% or more and approached 100% from eight months onwards. The specificity of smear test gradually increased during treatment and from five months onwards, it was above 90%. Conclusions: Considerable correlation was observed between sputum smear and culture during follow up of DOTS Plus treatment in the Intensive Phase. Accordingly, sputum smears can be recommended instead of culture.

6.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146829

RESUMEN

Background: Extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) including tuberculous lymphadenitis is becoming more common probably due to human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. While children do experience a high TB related morbidity and mortality, management of TB in children is challenging. The present study was designed to study the treatment outcome of DOTS strategy for pediatric tuberculous lymphadenitis. Objective: To study the efficacy of DOTS strategy for pediatric lymphhnode tuberculosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 669 children of lymphnode tuberculosis treated with DOTS strategy over 9½ years. Results: Mean age was 9.8 years with significantly more girls (61.3%) than boys (38.7%) {c2=34.08, P< 0.001 (S)}. Most of the patients were in the age group of 11-14 years (48.0%) followed by 6-10 years(34.5%) and 0-5 years(17.5%) respectively. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (88.2%) was the commonest form for all ages followed by axillary lymphadenitis in 3.3%. TB of other sites was seen in only 57 (8.5%) cases. Out of total 622 (93%) cases of lymphnode TB where fine needle aspiration and/ or excisional biopsy was done, it was positive (84.2%) and negative (15.6%) respectively for AFB/ cytology, while it could not be done in 47 patients due to inaccessible sites. Category I, II and III was started on 15.4%, 7.5% and 77.1% patients respectively. Overall, treatment completion rate was 94.9% and the default rate was 2.2% with a failure rate of 2.5%. Death rate was 0.3%. Conclusion: The study confirms the efficacy of DOTS strategy for pediatric TB lymphadenitis

7.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146820

RESUMEN

A significant proportion of global tuberculosis (TB) caseload is contributed by children. Management of pediatric TB especially EPTB is challenging. The present study was designed to study demographic, clinical profile and treatment outcome of DOTS strategy for pediatric tubercular pleurisy. Aim: To study the efficacy of DOTS strategy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 106 TB pleurisy children treated with DOTS Results: Mean age was 10.8 years (median age 12.2 years) with more females (51.9%) than males (48.1%)c1 2=0.15; P= 0.698 (NS). In the age group of 0-5, 6-10 and 11-14 years, there were 15.1%, 30.2% and 54.7% patients respectively. Fever was the commonest symptom (98.1%) followed by cough (77.4%) and chest pain (55.7%). History of contact could be elicited only in 2/3rd of cases unilateral effusion (61.3%) was commonest, followed by empyema (22.6%), massive effusion and broncho-pleural fistula each in 13.2% cases respectively. Bilateral effusion was seen in 3.8% cases only. Conventional methods (mantoux, radiograph, ultrasound, pleural aspiration) and minimal invasive surgical techniques, percutaneous pleural biopsy were done to arrive at the diagnosis. Diagnosis was made by X-ray Chest in 92.5%, exudative pleural fluid (100%) predominantly lymphocytic in 85.8%, positive AFB smear and culture in 4.7 and 5.7% cases respectively. Category I, II and III was started on 35.9%, 2.8% and 61.3% patients respectively. Overall treatment completion rate was 94.3%, 4.7% default rate, 0.9% failure rate and no deaths. Conclusion: The study confirms early detection by simple tests and ensuring complete treatment using DOTS strategy.

8.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-63627

RESUMEN

Gall bladder agenesis is a rare congenital biliary anomaly that may be associated with other biliary and extrabiliary congenital anomalies. We report the association of gall bladder agenesis with pancreas divisum and undescended testes.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico , Vesícula Biliar/anomalías , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Páncreas/anomalías
9.
Indian J Cancer ; 2000 Jun-Sep; 37(2-3): 105-10
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-49304

RESUMEN

Deltopectoral flap is commonly used to reconstruct defects resulting from abalative head neck cancer surgery. Standard Deltopectoral flap has its own inherent technical drawbacks. Here with we describe a technique by which these are obviated.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Boca/cirugía , Cuello/cirugía , Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Colgajos Quirúrgicos
10.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1997 Jan-Feb; 64(1): 85-91
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-80226

RESUMEN

The present study was designed to establish norms for pulmonary functions in urban healthy children of Delhi under the age group of 10-15 years. Pulmonary functions were assessed using an electronic lung function spirometer in 222 boys and 188 girls belonging to middle income group families of East Delhi. The pulmonary functions were separated by age and sex. All pulmonary functions showed an increase with advancing age. FEV1 and FVC were more in boys as compared to girls. Values of PEFR, FRC and TLC were similar in both sexes till the age of 13 years after which boys attained higher values. Prediction equations were obtained using height, age and weight as independent variables. Forward selection method was used to choose the best equation for each pulmonary function. Maximum variance in the lung functions was explained with the height. It is felt that norms established in the present study will act as reference standards for various lung functions in well nourished urban Delhi children under the age group of 10-15 years.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Valores de Referencia , Análisis de Regresión , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Mecánica Respiratoria/fisiología , Factores Sexuales , Población Urbana
11.
Indian Pediatr ; 1994 Jun; 31(6): 671-4
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-15731

RESUMEN

Thirty patients of epidemic dropsy from seven families scattered in different areas of East Delhi and UP were studied. The age group of the affected individuals varied from 2 years to 55 years. Argemone oil contamination was found in mustard oil used for cooking. Sanguinarine was detected in all suspected oil samples. Pitting edema of legs was the most consistent feature present in all cases. Other prominent features like local erythema and tenderness were present in 80% and 70% cases, respectively. In contrast to earlier epidemics, two striking features were presence of persistent tachycardia without any pyrexia in all the cases and absence of any ocular problems. There was one death due to congestive heart failure and partial recovery in all others in a 2 months follow up.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Alcaloides/envenenamiento , Benzofenantridinas , Niño , Preescolar , Edema/inducido químicamente , Contaminación de Alimentos , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Sustancias Intercalantes/envenenamiento , Isoquinolinas , Pierna , Persona de Mediana Edad , Planta de la Mostaza/envenenamiento , Extractos Vegetales/envenenamiento , Aceites de Plantas/envenenamiento , Plantas Medicinales
15.
Indian Pediatr ; 1992 Sep; 29(9): 1109-12
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-9448

RESUMEN

Ninety five consecutive children with kerosene oil poisoning were studied, the first 70 retrospectively (internal group) and the rest 25, prospectively (external group) over a period of 3 years and 8 months. Based on clinical features and severity of illness in initial 70 cases, a weighted scoring system to determine the outcome was evolved. This included: (i) fever--absent 0, present 1; (ii) severe malnutrition--absent 0, present 1; (iii) respiratory distress--absent 0, present 2, with cyanosis 4; and (iv) neurological symptoms--absent 0, present 2, with convulsions 4. The scores ranged from 0 to 10 in the internal group. Using discriminate function analysis, a score of 4 or more was found to be associated with prolonged hospital stay and complications. The risk of dying increased if the score was equal to or more than 8. The predictive value of the score was 85.7%. For validation, this scoring was applied to the external group as well and 84% of cases could be correctly predicted.


Asunto(s)
Preescolar , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Humanos , India , Lactante , Queroseno/envenenamiento , Masculino , Sobredosis de Droga/clasificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia
16.
Indian Pediatr ; 1991 Sep; 28(9): 1013-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-11214

RESUMEN

Attempts, at social marketing of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) through television, in changing the knowledge and practice of mothers with regard to its use was assessed. One hundred and eighty seven consecutive mothers (38 excluded due to non use of ORT) were administered a preplanned questionnaire to assess their socio-economic profile, educational status, concept of diarrhea and correct use of ORT. Fifty nine mothers who watched these programmes on TV regularly formed the study group. These were compared with 90 mothers who had gained such knowledge from non-television sources. The correct application of knowledge of ORT was significantly better in study group compared with control group. The educational status of mothers had a positive impact on motivation to use ORT at home in the study group. Mass media campaigns through "TV spots" is an effective way of improving knowledge of mothers on ORT in a developing country.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Fluidoterapia , Educación en Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Madres/educación , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Factores Socioeconómicos , Televisión
17.
Indian Pediatr ; 1991 Apr; 28(4): 357-61
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-13701

RESUMEN

Multiple drug resistant Salmonella typhi infection was observed in thirty five recent cases among forty eight children with bacteriologically proven enteric fever. Incidence of complications such as shock, myocarditis, encephalopathy and paralytic ileus was higher among these. A combination of cephalexin and gentamicin was successfully used in the management of these children.


Asunto(s)
Amoxicilina/farmacología , Cefalexina/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Resistencia al Cloranfenicol , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Femenino , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , India , Masculino , Salmonella typhi/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia al Trimetoprim , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/farmacología , Fiebre Tifoidea/tratamiento farmacológico
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