RESUMEN
The measurement of prolactin, cortisol, and blood glucose levels as stress indicator markers can be used to differentiate between the conventional open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy pre and post operative. 40 patients were studied, 20 patients underwent conventional open cholecystectomy group [A] while the other 20 underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy group [B] both groups were suffering from uncomplicated chronic calcular cholecystitis. Our result shows a significant increase in the level of serum prolactin hormone [ng/ml] in patients of group [A] in relation to pre and postoperative state t: 5.91, P<0.005. While there was no significant changes in the level of prolactin hormone in patients of group [B] pre and post operatively t: 1.41, P<0.5, this means that the body response to surgical trauma in patients of group [B] is minimal. Also, there was a significant increase in the level of serum cortisol hormone [ng/ml] in patients of group [A] in relation to pre and postoperative state t: 4.04, P<0.001. While there was no significant changes in the level of cortisol hormone in patients of group [B] pre and post operatively t: 1.19, P<0.2, this means that the body response to surgical trauma in patients of group [B] is minimal, the difference between pre and post operative is not significant. As regard of blood glucose level, the difference between pre and post operative blood glucose level were highly significant in both group of patients, so blood glucose measurement is not a sensitive marker to assess the body response to surgical trauma. We conclude that Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a much less traumatizing technique than open cholecystectomy with consequently a smooth and short postoperative discomfort