New tirucallane-type triterpenoids from the resin of Boswellia carteriiand their NO inhibitory activities / 中国天然药物

Six new tirucallane-type triterpenoids (1-6), along with ten known triterpenoids, were isolated from methylene chloride extract of the resin of Boswellia carterii Birdw. By the application of the comprehensive spectroscopic data, the structures of the compounds were clarified. The experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra were compared with those calculated, which allowed to assign the absolute configurations. Compounds 5 and 6 possesed a 2, 3-seco tirucallane-type triterpenoid skeleton, which were first reported. Their inhibitory activity against NO formation in LPS-activated BV-2 cells were evaluated. Compound 9 showed appreciable inhibitory effect, with an IC

Review of Computer Modeling and Simulation of Spinal Thermal Ablation / 中国医疗器械杂志

Thermal ablation surgery can effectively eliminate bone tumors in the spine and meanwhile reduce damage to the human body. To realize the computer modeling and simulation of spine thermal ablation surgery, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of both spine modeling and simulation temperature. This review summarizes the research progress of this field and analyzes the prospects from two aspects: computer modeling based on spine segmentation from medical images and simulation calculation of temperature field in ablation surgery. The research on spine segmentation has made great progress, but there are still some problems that prevent it from being applied in clinical simulation. Related research has been trying to solve the problems. For the ablation surgery of the spine, some researchers have tried ablation simulation and obtained simulation results that are relatively consistent with the actual temperature value.

Early and mid-term results of type Ⅱ hybrid arch repair with zone 0 stent graft deployment for acute type A aortic dissection / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:By analyzing the early- and mid-term clinical results of type Ⅱ hybrid aortic arch repair(HAAR) for the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD), the efficacy of hybridization technique in the application of acute type A aortic dissection was evaluated systematically.Methods:We retrospectively studied the records of patients with ATAAD who were admitted to the Beijing Fuwai Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. 504 patients were included for analysis , 383 men and 121 women, mean age(50.0±11.7) years, the rate of hypertension was 79.6%, the average time of onset to operation was(69.5±40.0) hours. During this period, 110 continuous patients underwent hybrid aortic arch repair(HAAR) without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, the landing zone of stent was located in ascending aorta(zone 0); 394 consecutive patients with ATAAD involving the aortic arch received traditional total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk(FET). A propensity score-matching analysis was applied to adjust for age and gender.The preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data in the HAAR group and FET group were compared.Results:For all 504 patients , male patients accounted for 75.9%. There were 24 cases of early death(4.8%), 20 cases of stroke(4.0%) and 7 cases of paralysis(1.4%). HAAR group showed more age[(62.1±6.8) years vs (46.6±10.4) years, P<0.001)], hypertension(87.3% vs 77.4%, P=0.033), coronary artery disease(13.6% vs 6.1%, P=0.016) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(12.7% vs 3.6%, P=0.001) than the FET group. HAAR group showed shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time[(143.7±53.7) min vs (175.3±52.7) min, P<0.001] and aortic cross-clamping time[(78.5±33.6) min vs (106.9±37.8) min, P<0.001] than the FET group. Between the two groups there was no significant difference in operative mortality, rate of reoperation, and late mortality. Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 43 months, averaged(22.6±11.1) months. During folloe-up period , there were 5 cases of death(4.9%) and 3 cases of reoperation(3.1%) in HAAR group, 10 cases of death(2.7%) and 11 cases of reoperation(3.3%) in FET group. 3 patients lost follow-up because of not been rechecked in the outpatient department or the phone was not connected. Conclusion:This single -stage hybrid arch procedure offers an alternative approach to acute type A dissection and associated with acceptable early and midterm major morbidity and mortality in old-age patients. Future further researches are required to confirm the long-term outcomes.

Correlation between of aortic dissection onset and climate change / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between the incidence of aortic dissection and climate change.@*Methods@#The characteristics of 345 acute aortic dissection patients came from Beijing in Department of Vascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College from January 2005 to December 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively. There were 266 male and 79 female patients with a mean age of (49±12) years. There were 209 cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection, and 136 cases of type B. According to Fuwai aortic dissection classification: type A 8 cases, type B 95 cases, type Cp 13 cases, type Ct 187 cases, type Cd 40 cases, type D 2 cases. Meanwhile, monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, average pressure, amount of rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity and other meteorological data were collected. Rank-sum test was used to analyze the difference of onset of aortic dissection in different seasons and months. Generalized additive models were implied to explore climate change and the onset of aortic dissection.@*Results@#The onset of aortic dissection was related to season. Winter had higher morbidity compared to summer (M(QR): 3(2) vs. 2(2), Z=1.97, P=0.05). The occurrence of aortic dissection was associated with month.December had the largest quantity, July had the least (2(3) vs. 2(1), Z=2.42, P=0.02). The mean temperature was statistically significant for indicating the change of aortic dissection onset. It meaned that onset probability was increased with the decrease of temperature (RR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.00 to 1.02, P=0.04).@*Conclusions@#The onset of aortic dissection had something to do with season and month. The incidence of aortic dissection increases with temperature decreases.

Research progress on treatment of tibial fracture with internal fixation plates as external fixators / 医疗卫生装备

The advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods of traditional tibial fracture were summarized. The research progress on the treatment of tibial fracture with internal fixation plates as external fixators was introduced from two aspects of biomechanics and clinical application. It was proved that internal fixation plates as external fixators could reduce the structural stability, but this technique was still controversial to meet the mechanical requirements of fracture healing on biomechanics.Internal fixation plates as external fixators,it had the advantages of minimal invasion,high healing rate, less complications and favorable activities. It's pointed out clinical trials on its feasibility and availability as well as simulating body mechanics environment should be carried out to provide basis for relevant biomechanics researches.

Design and experimental study of new type of external fixation device for bone fracture / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a new type of external fixator for bone fracture and verify its rationality and feasibility. Methods The frame and screw of stainless steel achieved fracture fixation in vitro with a threaded locking structure.At the same time the increasing thickness of body frame, the inclined nail holes and the raised bottoms were designed to greatly enhance the strength and overall stability of body frame.FEM (finite element method),measuring the relative displacement and stress distribution after axial load,was used to verify the rationality of the design.An animal experiment with sheep was used to verify the feasibility of fracture treatment. Results Simulated result of FEM indicated that the biggest relative displacement between the separated bones was 0.04 mm,which was much less than the minimum value 1 mm required for fracture healing.The maximum stresses applied on the frame of the fixator,fixator screw,and bone were 35,26,and 6 MPa, respectively, which was much less than the allowable stress. In the animal experiment, fracture site was fixed firmly after operation and was well cured 3 months later.Conclusion The design of this new device is feasible and it can be used as a new method of fracture treatment.

The relationship between different time periods and the prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection surgery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective Nowadays, emergency surgery is the most important method to treat acute type A aortic dissec-tion.There are many factors that can affect the prognosis, but the relationship between time period and the prognosis of aortic dissection surgery has not been reported.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between different time periods and the prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection surgery .Methods We retrospectively analyzed the characteris-tics of acute type A aortic dissection surgery in Fuwai Hospital from 2010 to 2015.All patients were divided into two groups ac-cording to different time period .Propensity matching analysis was used to compare in-hospital mortality and post-operative com-plications of these groups.Results There were 698 cases acute aortic dissection surgery during study period.321 cases were operated in the nighttime(45.98％), the others were operated during daytime(54.02％).After propensity score matching, the operation time, extracorporeal bypass time, and the aortic blocking time of nighttime group were longer than daytime group , and there was a statistical difference(P<0.01).There was a statistical difference between the two groups of postoperative con-tinuous renal replacement therapy.Nighttime group had higher incidence(15.94％ vs.5.64 ％, P<0.01).There was statis-tically significant in 30-day mortality between daytime group and nighttime group(5.26％ vs.10.53％, P=0.03).The mul-tiple-factor risk analysis of 30-day mortality in the whole group found that nighttime surgery was an independent risk factor ( OR 2.13, 95％CI 1.19-3.81, P=0.01).Conclusion For acute type A aortic dissection surgery, nighttime surgery may be the important factor for increasing 30-day mortality.For relatively stable patients, avoiding nighttime surgery may increase survival rate.

Effects of Tongbi capsule on joint lesions in rabbits with rheumatoid arthritis / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effects of Tongbi capsule on joint lesions in rabbit with rheumatoid arthritis induced by ovalbumin and explore the mechanism in order to provide reference for clinical application of Tongbi capsule. Rheumatoid arthritis in rabbits was induced by subcutaneous injection of emulsions of ovalbumin and Freund's complete adjuvant and intra articular injection of ovalbumin. After successful modeling, 30 New Zealand rabbits with arthritis were randomly divided into model control group, the high, medium and low dose groups of Tongbi capsule (90, 45, 22.5 mg·kg⁻¹) and prednisone group (5 mg·kg⁻¹). Another six normal rabbits were used as normal control group. After 24 hours of modeling, the rabbits in Tongbi capsule groups received intragastric (i.g.) administrations of Tongbi capsule at 90, 45, 22.5 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, and the rabbits of prednisone group received i.g. administrations of prednisone at 5 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ for 2 weeks. The rabbits in normal and model groups received the same volume of distilled water at the same time. The swelling degree of rabbit knee joint and local skin temperature were observed daily. After two weeks of administration, pathological changes of rabbit knee joint were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the morphological changes of articular cartilage and synovial membrane were observed by microscope; and the contents of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that 24 h after modeling, the knee joints of the rabbits were swollen, with red or dark redlocal skin, and fever, elevated local skin temperature and increased diameters of knee joints. Two weeks after modeling, the swelling of rabbit knee joints was obvious in model group; the joint cavities were filled with purulent fluid; joint synovial membranes were obviously thickened, and even joint cavities were fibrotic and cartilage surfaces showed slight defect; the surface of articular cartilage was obvious fibrosis; synovial epithelial cell proliferation was obvious and accompanied by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration; the levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher as compared with those seen in model rabbits (<0.05, <0.01). After 1 and 2 weeks of administration, knee joint diameters and local skin temperatures were smaller or lower than thosein model group (<0.05, <0.01); The lesions of joint cartilage and synovial of all rabbits in each group were less than those in model group; IL-1 and TNF-α levels in serum were also lower than those in model group (<0.05, <0.01). The results reveal that high and medium doses of Tongbi capsule can suppress rheumatoid arthritis induced by ovalbumin in rabbits, reduce joint swelling, inhibit synovial epithelial and fiber hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, and alleviate articular cartilage damage. The mechanism may be associated with decreasing IL-1 and TNF-α levels in serum.

Advances in mechanisms of Tongxinluo Capsule in treatment of ischemic stroke / 中草药

Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major global disability. In China, it has exceeded heart disease to become the leading cause of death. Thus, it is urgent to prevent and treat stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. At present, except the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) only therapy for ischemic stroke with proven efficacy, the others still lack evidence of evidence-based medicine or their curative effects are insufficient. However, in recent years, Chinese medicine, such as Tongxinluo Capsule, in treatment of ischemic stroke has attracted extensive attention. This article reviewed the research progress in mechanisms of Tongxinluo Capsule in treatment of ischemic stroke from two aspects: vascular protection and neuroprotection.

Research progress of haemostatic dressing for traumatic injury prehospital firstaid / 医疗卫生装备

The main species and research status were introduced for the haemostatic dressing of the prehospital first aid in foreign countries and China.The advantages and disadvantages,problems and futural development were analyzed for kinds of haemostatic dressing.It's pointed out that the haemostatic dressing tended to be multi-functional and complicated in the future.Dressing and haemostatic system had to be designed based on traumatic conditions in case multi function could not be realized.

Clinical Features, Surgical Treatment and Prognosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Cardiogenic Shock / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical features,surgical treatment and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods:A total of 77 AMI-VSR patients received surgical repair in our hospital from 2005-01 to 2015-05 were retrospectively studied.The patients were divided into 2 groups:CS group n=52 and Without CS group,n=25.Clinical features were compared between 2 groups and the outcomes in CS group were analyzed.Results:Both groups showed multiple aneurysm (73.0％ vs 68.0％);CS was more occurred in patients with posterior VSR (48.0％ vs 24.0％),P=0.044.Compared to Without CS group,CS group had the larger diameter of VSR (16.16±6.73) mm vs (11.86±4.62) mm,P=0.003;lower LVEF (45.0±8.8) ％ vs (47.9±12.3) ％,higher pre-operative application rates of IABP (34.6％ vs 0％) and vasoactive drugs (96.2％ vs 28.0％),more patients received emergent surgery (42.3％ vs 8.0％) and less patients received elective surgery (57.7％ vs 92.0％),all P＜0.05.In CS group,there were 3 in-hospital death,49 patients survived with the mean follow-up time at (4.5±3.1) years and 2 patients died during that period.Conclusion:Larger or posterior VSR were more likely to develop CS,the patients survived after surgical treatment may have good mid-term outcomes.

Clinical Features, Surgical Treatment and Prognosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Cardiogenic Shock / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical features,surgical treatment and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods:A total of 77 AMI-VSR patients received surgical repair in our hospital from 2005-01 to 2015-05 were retrospectively studied.The patients were divided into 2 groups:CS group n=52 and Without CS group,n=25.Clinical features were compared between 2 groups and the outcomes in CS group were analyzed.Results:Both groups showed multiple aneurysm (73.0％ vs 68.0％);CS was more occurred in patients with posterior VSR (48.0％ vs 24.0％),P=0.044.Compared to Without CS group,CS group had the larger diameter of VSR (16.16±6.73) mm vs (11.86±4.62) mm,P=0.003;lower LVEF (45.0±8.8) ％ vs (47.9±12.3) ％,higher pre-operative application rates of IABP (34.6％ vs 0％) and vasoactive drugs (96.2％ vs 28.0％),more patients received emergent surgery (42.3％ vs 8.0％) and less patients received elective surgery (57.7％ vs 92.0％),all P＜0.05.In CS group,there were 3 in-hospital death,49 patients survived with the mean follow-up time at (4.5±3.1) years and 2 patients died during that period.Conclusion:Larger or posterior VSR were more likely to develop CS,the patients survived after surgical treatment may have good mid-term outcomes.

The reconstruction of left subclavian artery in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic arch disease / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prognosis of the reconstruction of left subclavian artery (LSA)in thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)for patients with aortic arch disease.Methods From January 2010 to August 2016,55 patients with aortic arch disease(left vertebral artery dominance)who had undergone TEVAR including LSA covered in Fuwai Hospital were enrolled.28 patients received concomitant reconstruction of LSA.The study endpoints includ-ed: postoperative death, reoperation, stroke and aorta-related adverse events.Results Follow-up data were obtained from all patients.The mean follow-up time was(30.0 ±17.5)months.All patients were diagnosed with left vertebral artery dominance by preoperative computerized tomography of aorta.The preoperative diameter of left vertebral artery was(4.88 ±0.85)mm while the right vertebral artery was(3.00 ±0.75)mm.There were no in-hospital deaths,reoperations and aorta-related adverse events.Three patients died and 2 patients experienced Type Ⅳ endoleak during the follow up.Conclusion The mid-term prognosis of the reconstruction of left subclavian artery in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for patients with aortic arch disease are good and long-term follow-up is necessary.

Effect of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Its Ingredient Resveratrol on Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Suppressing Immune Response / 中草药·英文版

Objective To investigate the effects of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR) and its ingredient resveratrol (Res) on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Methods EAMG was induced in Lewis rats by the immunization of a synthetic peptide corresponding to region 97–116 of the rat acetylcholine receptor (AChR) α subunit (R97-116). EAMG rats were randomly divided into PCRR group, Res group, and control (C) group, and were ig administered respectively with PCRR (2 g/kg), Res (20 mg/kg), and DMSO (0.4 mL/kg) every day from day 5 after immunization to day 42. Clinical evaluation, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines, and anti-97-116 antibodies were performed for examination of their therapeutic effects. Results Treatments with PCRR and Res significantly ameliorated clinical symptoms, down-regulated TNF-α and up-regulated IL-10 in serum and culture supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with R97-116, and decreased levels of anti-R97-116 IgG1 and IgG2a in serum compared with C group. Unexpectedly, PCRR but not Res inhibited lymphocyte proliferation compared with C group. Conclusion PCRR and Res ameliorating EAMG is associated with suppressing immune response, and indicates a therapeutic potential for EAMG and even human myasthenia gravis (MG). Res may be the main effective ingredient from PCRR ameliorating EAMG, but further experiments are necessary.

Long-term Prognostic Analysis of Re-operation in Patients With Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation After Left-sided Valve Replacement / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To analyze the long-term prognosis of re-operation in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) after left sided valve replacement (LSVR) and hence evaluate the optimal timing of mentioned re-operation. Methods: A total of 59 FTR patients who had re-operation after their prior LSVR in our hospital from 1999-01 to 2013-01 were analyzed. The clinical information and post-operative follow-up results were recorded in all patients. Results: There were 5/59 (8.5%) patients died in peri-operative period and the overall post-operative mortality was 11.9% (7/59). The follow-up data of 54 survivors were available for the mean time of 51.1 (21-188) months. There were 19/54 (35.2%) patients suffered from MACE and 30 (55.6%) were beneifted by improved cardiac function. Uni-variable analysis indicated that pre-operative NYHA class IV (P=0.008), pre-operative right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (P=0.037), concomitant left-sided redo-operation (P=0.017) and TVR operation (P=0.002) were associated with all cause mortality of tricuspid re-operation. Multi-variable Cox regression analysis showed that pre-operative RV dysfunction was the only independent risk factor of long term MACE-free accumulating survival rate (HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.11-8.2,P=0.031); while TVR operation (HR=12.8, 95% CI 1.53-107.02,P=0.019) and pre-operative NYHA class IV (HR=5.3, 95% CI 1.20-24.51,P=0.032) were the independent risk factors for long-term mortality in patients after tricuspid re-operation. Conclusion: Patients with compensatory RV function showed better long term prognosis after secondary tricuspid operation. Aggressive re-operation before the occurrence of right ventricular dysfunction could be beneficial for relevant patients.

The study of precusor of Brain-drived neurotrophic factor inhibits proliferative acyivities of oligodendrocite precusor cells after spinal cord injury / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To observe whether immature Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (proBDNF)can affect the activities of OPCs in the fields of cell proliferation and migration after SCI,and to investigate the relationship between proBDNF and p75NTR signal pathway on OPCs.Methods OLN-93 cell line was cultured and maintained for in vitro experiments.Immunofluorescence were used to check the expression of endogenous proBDNF,p75NTR and sortilin on OPCs.MTT assay was used to illustrate the inhibitory effect of proBDNF.The effects of anti-proBDNF was also observed by BrdU staining to find a probably signal pathway for proBDNF on OPCs.The Sprague-Dawley rats were administered for T9 spinal cord injury animal model.BBB score was applied to observe the situation of functional recovery after treated by anti-proBDNF.BrdU staining was managed to observe the situation of OPCs proliferation and migration after SCI.Results Endogenous proBDNF inhibited proliferation and migration of OPCs after SCI.BrdU staining showed that population of proliferative OPCs in lesion site of spinal cord was less in proBDNF in treated group than that in control group and anti-proBDNF group.While anti-proBDNF could inhibit proBDNF specifically and might induced a better functional recovery which was illustrated by BBB scores.The in vitro experiments found the inhibitory effect of proBDNF is dose-dependent and can be neutralized by anti-proBDNF properly.Moreover,the expression levels of p75NTR and sortilin are down regulated by proBDNF antibody treated group.This indicated that proBDNF may inhibit OPCs via p75NTR pathway.Conclusion Endogenous proBDNF can inhibit cell proliferation of OPCs after SCI and can be neutralized by specific antibodies of proBDNF.This kind of detrimental effect may be induced by p75NTR-sortilin pathway.Furthermore,proBDNF antibody treatment is effective to block proBDNF and promote the functional recovery.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of infiltration zone of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) grows infiltratively like a malignant tumor, causing great harm to the human body. It is possible to display mass lesions of CAE using various imaging systems, but regarding the infiltrating proliferation active regions, it is difficult to evaluate its actual range using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). This research focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS) techniques to find the mass and infiltration zone of CAE. We explored the marginal zone (MZ) of CAE nearly close to the actual infiltrating scope, to provide reliable images for clinical purposes, to overcome shortcomings of cMRI, to formulate beneficial clinical surgical plans and assess prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between September 2005 and May 2011, 15 patients who were suffering from CAE (36 effective lesions altogether) were examined by (1)HMRS at the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Multi-voxel (1)HMRS was acquired with a 1.5T MRI scanner. Concentrations and the ratios of the metabolites of CAE were calculated. Furthermore, changes in the concentrations of the metabolites containing N-acetyl-aspartic-acid (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), lipids and lactate (Lip + Lac) and the ratios of Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac) /Cr were compared in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ, and 11 - 20 mm MZ of the infiltration zone, as well as the corresponding contralateral part of the normal brain parenchyma area (control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, the ratios of Cho/Cr in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ of infiltration zone and the control group were 1.78 ± 0.70, 1.90 ± 0.54, and 0.78 ± 0.15, respectively; the ratios of NAA/Cr were 1.60 ± 0.20, 1.80 ± 0.42, 2.24 ± 0.86, respectively; the ratios of (Lip + Lac)/Cr were 25.69 ± 13.84, 25.18 ± 16.03, and 0.61 ± 0.15, respectively. From the control group, 11 - 20 mm MZ to 0 - 10 mm MZ and the substantial region of CAE, the concentrations of the metabolites showed that NAA and Cho decreased gradually and markedly. But (Lip + Lac) increased gradually and markedly. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr were statistically significant (P < 0.0083) between the substantial region and the control group, as well as between the 0 - 10 mm MZ and the control group. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr displayed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.0083) between the substantial region and the 0 - 10 mm MZ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was a pathological spectrum surrounding the infiltration zone of CAE. Multi-voxel 1HMRS has great clinical value for discerning the main lesion and the infiltration zone of CAE.</p>

Unhealthy psycho-behavioral practices for weight control in adolescent students with overweight or obesity / 中华全科医师杂志

A questionnaire survey was conducted in 724 students from three junior high schools in Shanghai Jinshan district.Total 642 students completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 88.7％,among them 75 were overweighted or obese.The positive rate of 6 out 8 unhealthy psycho-behavioral practices related to weight control in overweight or obese students was significantly higher than that of students with normal weight (all P ＜ 0.05).Binary logistic backward stepwise regression analysis showed that overweight or obesity was risk factor for the unhealthy psycho-behavior practices related to weight control in adolescent students.

Association of interleukin-1 beta [-511C/T] polymorphisms with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Osteoprosis is a common disease of the elderly, in which genetic and clinical factors contribute to the disease phenotype. Since the production of interleukin-1 [IL-1] has been implicated in the bone mass and skeletal disorders, we investigated whether IL-1 system polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Taiwanese women. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which measures bone mineral density [BMD] at multiple skeletal sites. We studied the IL-1 alpha [-889C/T], IL-1 beta [-511 C/T] and the 86 base pair variable number tandem repeat [VNTR] in intron 2 of the IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1 ra] gene in 117 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 135 control subjects without a history of symptomatic osteoporosis. These gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymerase. Blood sugar and other risk factors were determined. The frequencies of IL-1 beta [-511 C/T] genotypes [P=0.22, odds ratio= 1.972] and alleles [P=0.2, odds ratio=2.909] showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, we did not find any statistically significant difference in IL-1 alpha and IL-1 ra polymorphisms [P>0.5]. We also observed a positive relationship between osteoporosis and cholesterol and a weak inverse relationship between blood sugar and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. These experimental results suggest that the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is associated with IL-1 beta [-511 C/T] polymorphism in postmenopausal women. This polymorphism is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis

Relative factors for and early treatment of craniocerebral trauma in the elderly / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To discuss the relative factors and clinical features of the elderly patients with craniocerebral trauma so as to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral trauma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 139 patients with craniocerebral trauma treated in our department from June 2006 to August 2009. The post-injury pathogenesis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)score, injury type, major complications and treatment method were summarized and analyzed to find the correlation of various factors with prognosis. Results It was revealed that the mortality was closely related with GCS score, injury type and post-tranmatic complications. The lower GCS score induced higher mortality. The high mortality was manifested in patients with craniocerebral trauma who presented diffuse cerebral edema, contusion and laceration combined with multiple hematomas and brain stem injury. The prognosis was impacted by lung infection, failure of respiratory function, hemorrhage in upper digestive tract, or simultaneous 2-3 complications after craniocerebral trauma. Conclusions The prognosis is directly affected by injury severity, injury type and complications of craniocerebral trauma. The elderly patients demonstrate delayed reaction, which deserves active early examinations and treatment to improve the prognosis.