Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and the interaction between NQO1 polymorphisms and environmental factors / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the interaction of polymorphisms in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene with environmental factors using a hospital-based case-control study. FMETHODS: our-hundred newly diagnosed HCC cases and 400 healthy individuals (non-tumor controls) were enrolled in the study. Demographic information and medical history was obtained by questionnaire. TaqMan minor groove binder real-time PCR was carried out to detect the NQO1 C609T genotype using blood-derived DNA from all study participants. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of NQO1 609 CC, CT and TT genotypes were 23.75%, 50.25% and 28.00% in the HCC group, and 37.55%, 43.75% and 18.25% in the control group. The differences between the HCC and control group reached statistical significance (all P less than 0.05). The ORs of NQO1 609 CT and TT genotypes were significantly higher compared to the CC genotype; the adjusted OR(95% CI) of CT was 2.106(1.137-3.110) and of TT was 2.564(1.357-4.744). Individuals carrying the NQO1 609 T allelic gene had a significantly higher risk of HCC than those carrying the C allelic gene; the adjusted OR(95% CI) was 1.86(1.235-2.980). Interactions were found between hepatitis B virus infection with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positivity and NQO1 gene polymorphisms (adjusted OR: 2.431) and history of cancer (adjusted OR: 8.3592).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NQO1 C609T genotype is associated with increased risk of HCC. Interactions between HBsAg-positive infection, history of cancer, and NQO1 gene polymorphisms may contribute to HCC.</p>

Application of multi-coeffieient of variation significance test for toxicology study / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the methods of calculating and analyzing the multi-coefficient of variation significance test for the toxicology study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The paper aimed to confirm the significance level with the method of Bonferroni and then compared the methods of calculating and analyzing of the experiment groups with the control group respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The significance level of multi-coefficient of variation significance test was confirmed as alpha1=0.0167. Compared with the control groups, the activity of ALT in serum both in 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups did not change in the average significance test, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while it changed in the variation significance test, which was of statistical significance (P<0.0167). The activity of AST in serum in 60 mg/kg group did not change in the average significance test (P>0.05), while it changed in the variation significance test (P<0.0167).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The complete changes of the indexes can only be shown by use of both the average significance test and the variation significance test together.</p>

Synergistic effect of HBV infection, alcohol and raw fish consumption on oncogenisis of primary hepatic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation of eating raw fish with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), and to investigate the synergistic effect of HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish on the oncogenesis of PHC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 500 PHC patients and 500 non-cancerous patients in order to compare the history of eating raw fish. The synergistic pathogenetic action of eating raw fish, HBV infection and alcohol consumption on carcinogenesis of PHC was analyzed by crossover analysis and multiple logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of eating raw fish in the past between the case (54.8%) and the control group (8.4%) were significantly different (P < 0.001). OR value of suffering PHC in the patients who ate raw fish in the past was 13.6 (95% CI: 9.1-19.5) when compared with the non-cancerous patient. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish showed an interactive effect on the development of PHC, with a relative excessive risk of interaction(RERI) of 195.3 and 17.8; attributable proportion of interaction (API) of 0.8630 and 0.5251; and synergy index (S) of 7.5 and 2.8, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A history of eating raw fish may be an important risk factor for suffering primary hepatic carcinoma. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish may have a synergistic effect on the developing of primary hepatic carcinoma.</p>

Evaluation of the risk of clonorchiasis inducing primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between clonorchiasis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the synergistic actions of HBV infection, alcohol consumption and clonorchiasis on HCC development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 444 HCC patients (cases) and 500 non tumor patients (controls) to compare the prevalence of clonorchiasis in the cases and the controls. The risk of clonorchiasis and the synergistic actions between HBV infection, alcohol consumption and clonorchiasis on HCC development were analyzed by crossover analysis and multiple logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of clonorchiasis in the cases (16.44%) was much higher than that of the controls (2.40%) (X2 = 56.58, P less than 0.01). In the case group, the OR value of those with clonorchiasis was 8.00 (95% CI: 4.34-14.92). The OR value was 4.82 (95% CI: 2.32-10.26) for the subjects whose clonorchiasis was diagnosed less than 10 years before their diagnosis of HCC, and was 17.54 (95% CI: 5.47-57.18) for those whose HCC was diagnosed more than 10 years ago. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and clonorchiasis showed an additive interaction in the development of HCC, with a relative excess risk of interaction of 110.43 and 18.23; attributable proportion of interaction of 0.80 and 0.63; synergy index of 5.18 and 2.84, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clonorchiasis could be an important risk factor for HCC. When the course of clonorchiasis is prolonged, the risk of HCC could increase. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and clonorchiasis might have synergistic actions on the development of HCC.</p>

Etiologic fraction and interaction of risk factors for primary hepatic carcinoma in Guangxi, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore etiologic fraction (EF) and interaction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and other risk factors for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Guangxi, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study including 500 PHC patients and 500 nontumorous patients was carried out in Guangxi. EF and interactions of HBV infection and other risk factors for PHC were analyzed by crossover analysis and nonconditional multiple logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HBV infection, family history of PHC, diabetes mellitus, eating raw fish, heavy alcohol consumption, frequently used drug, low income, mental oppression and blood type B all were risk factors for PHC. With EFs of 0.725, 0.186, 0.119, 0.486, 0.385, 0.438, 0.277, 0.607, 0.299, respectively and with etiologic fractions attributable to interaction [EF(A xB)] of 0.736, 0.643, 0.849, 0.551, 0.592, 0.618, 0.902, 0.577; and indices of interaction of 0.743, 0.651, 0.853, 0.560, 0.600, 0.626, 0.907, 0.586, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Main risk factors for PHC might include HBV infection, family history of PHC, diabetes mellitus, eating raw fish, heavy alcohol consumption, frequently used drug, low income, mental oppression and blood type B. HBV infection with other risk factors might exert synergistic action on developing PHC and increase the risk of PHC.</p>