Focus on periodontal engineering by 3D printing technology ­ a systematic review / Enfoque en la ingeniería periodontal mediante la tecnología de impresión 3D: una revisión sistemática

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells is an emerging area of research but has not been explored yet in the context of periodontal tissue engineering. Objetive: This study reports on the optimization of the 3D bioprinting scaffolds and tissues used that could be applied clinically to seniors for the regenerative purpose to meet individual patient treatment needs. Material and Methods: We methodically explored the printability of various tissues (dentin pulp stem/progenitor cells, periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells, alveolar bone stem/progenitor cells, advanced platelet-rich fibrin and injected platelet-rich fibrin) and scaffolds using 3D printers pertaining only to periodontal defects. The influence of different printing parameters with the help of scaffold to promote periodontal regeneration and to replace the lost structure has been evaluated. Results: This systematic evaluation enabled the selection of the most suited printing conditions for achieving high printing resolution, dimensional stability, and cell viability for 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. Conclusion: The optimized bioprinting system is the first step towards the reproducible manufacturing of cell laden, space maintaining scaffolds for the treatment of periodontal lesions.

La bioimpresión tridimensional (3D) de células es un área emergente de investigación, pero aún no se ha explorado en el contexto de la ingeniería de tejidos periodontales. Objetivo: Este estudio informa sobre la optimización de los tejidos y andamios de bioimpresión 3D utilizados que podrían aplicarse a personas mayores en el entorno clínico con fines regenerativos para satisfacer las necesidades de tratamiento de cada paciente. Material y Métodos: Exploramos metódicamente la capacidad de impresión de varios tejidos (células madre / progenitoras de la pulpa de dentina, células madre / progenitoras del ligamento periodontal, células madre / progenitoras de hueso alveolar, fibrina rica en plaquetas avanzada y fibrina rica en plaquetas inyectada) y andamios utilizando impresoras 3D que pertenecen solo a defectos periodontales. Se ha evaluado la influencia de diferentes parámetros de impresión con la ayuda de andamios para promover la regeneración periodontal y reemplazar la estructura perdida. Resultados: Esta evaluación sistemática permitió la selección de las condiciones de impresión más adecuadas para lograr una alta resolución de impresión, estabilidad dimensional y viabilidad celular para la bioimpresión 3D de células del ligamento periodontal. Conclusión: El sistema de bioimpresión optimizado es el primer paso hacia la fabricación reproducible de andamios de mantenimiento de espacio cargados de células para el tratamiento de lesiones periodontales

Phentolamine Mesylate as a Drug for Reversal of Local Anaesthesia - A Questionnaire Based Study

Local anaesthesia being the most commonly administered drug in dentistry has its prolonged action for up to 3 - 5 hours due to the addition of vasoconstrictors. The extended periods of soft tissue anaesthesia due to the addition of these vasoconstrictors can cause other problems while speaking, drinking, and eating during which there is a higher risk of experiencing self-inflicted injuries to the tongue and lips. Phentolamine mesylate is a drug which helps in the reversal of action of local anaesthesia. Hence, the objective of this study was to provide a basic knowledge about this drug to the patient and assess the interest of the patient in taking the drug when given a choice. METHODSA questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 200 patients who required the administration of inferior alveolar nerve block for their dental treatment. This questionnaire contained basic information about Phentolamine Mesylate drug along with six questions where the patient was asked as to whether or not he / she was willing to take this drug for reversal of the effect of local anaesthesia and specific reason for its usage. RESULTSAmong 200 patients, 122 patients wanted to reverse the effect of local anaesthesia by the use of the phentolamine mesylate drug. Amongst these patients, 93 wanted to take the drug orally initially and upon informing that the injection will be given in the previously anaesthetized area, 91 patients preferred to take an injection of the drug. CONCLUSIONSMajority of patients surveyed in this study wanted to reverse the effect of local anaesthesia by taking phentolamine mesylate drug. However, there is a need to increase the awareness of the type of drug used and the importance of administration of the same.

Assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT): a systematic review / Avaliação do nível ósseo alveolar e envolvimento da furca em doenças periodontais usando a Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico odontológica: uma revisão sistemática

The advent of CBCT has contributed significantly to dental imaging. In the field of periodontics, CBCT provides a multi-planar view to assess the alveolar bone in three dimensions. This helps the dentist to make measurements at any location that could significantly improve periodontal diagnosis. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the accuracy of using CBCT in the assessment of alveolar bone level and furcation involvement in periodontal diseases. Material and Methods: PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases were searched for literature related to the application of CBCT in periodontal diseases. Keywords used for the search were CBCT, furcation involvement, measurement and their synonyms. Results: Fifteen full-text English language research papers were eligible for the systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion: From the results of the systematic review it can be concluded that conebeam computed tomography imaging technique offers significantly reliable images of the furcation involvement and height of the alveolar bone. (AU)

O advento da Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) contribuiu significativamente para a imageologia. No campo da periodontia, a TCFC fornece uma visão multiplano para avaliar o osso alveolar em três dimensões. Isso ajuda o dentista a fazer medições em qualquer local que possa melhorar significativamente o diagnóstico periodontal. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar a precisão do uso da TCFC na avaliação do nível ósseo alveolar e do envolvimento da furca em doenças periodontais. Material e Métodos: As bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e Google Scholar foram pesquisadas na literatura relacionada à aplicação da TCFC em doenças periodontais. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a pesquisa foram TCFC, envolvimento da furca, mensuração e seus sinônimos. Resultados: Quinze trabalhos de pesquisa em inglês com texto completo foram elegíveis para a revisão sistemática usando as diretrizes do PRISMA. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados da revisão sistemática, pode-se concluir que a técnica de imagem por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico oferece imagens significativamente confiáveis do envolvimento da furca e da altura do osso alveolar.(AU)

A Newly Proposed Regression Equation for Mixed Dentition Analysis Using the Sum of the Width of Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors and Permanent Mandibular First Molars as a Predictor of Width of Unerupted Canine and Premolars

Objective: To determine linear regression equation to predict the mesiodistal widths of the permanent canines and premolars based on the sum of the widths of the two permanent mandibular first molars and two mandibular central incisors. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 800 (400 males and 400 females) permanent dentition casts of Chhattisgarh population. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. The correlation and linear regression equations between the calculated four teeth (two permanent mandibular first molars and two central incisors) and the canine-premolars segments of both the arches were developed. Results: No significant differences were found in right and left side of the arch. Sexual dimorphism was significant in teeth sizes with higher mesiodistal dimension in males. A good correlation values varying from 0.51 to 0.67 was found. New standardized regression equations were formulated for the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars for Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Calculating mesiodistal widths of unerupted canine and premolars with help of two permanent mandibular molars and two mandibular central incisors, which erupt early in the oral cavity, can be an alternative and best predictor for the mixed dentition analysis.

Application of e-learning in dental radiology education at undergraduate level ­a systematic review / Aplicação do e-learning no ensino de radiologia dentária em nível de graduação - uma revisão sistemática

With the increase in internet technology as well as the electronic content the web-based learning has become the desirable medium in the field of education. In medical, dental and allied health science education, the conventional method involves the use of textbooks, lectures, and images. But trends suggest that a change is poised in this field. Objective: the systematic review aims to evaluate the literature of studies about the application of the e-Learning methods in radiology education at the undergraduate level in comparison to conventional teaching-learning methods. Material and Methods: prominent scientific databases were searched for literature related to the application of e-Learning in undergraduate radiology education. The search keywords used for the search were- E-learning, dental radiology, oral radiology, undergraduate. English language full text of eligible article was systematically reviewed. Results: seven full text articles were obtained after scrutiny of the available literature. Most of the research work was carried out in the past decade and dental schools in different parts of the world. Almost all the studies showed that e-learning was as either equally effective or more effective when compared to conventional teaching in dental radiology. Conclusion: e-learning could be a suitable alternative to conventional teaching-learning method with significant improvement in student attitude and knowledge however, the influence of e-learning in improving the practical or clinical skills of dental radiography is still debatable (AU)

Com o aumento da tecnologia da Internet, como também o conteúdo eletrônico da aprendizagem baseada na web, estes tornaram-se um meio desejável no campo da Educação. Em ciências médicas, odontológicas e afins, o método convencional envolve o uso de livros didáticos, palestras e imagens. Mas tendências sugerem que há uma mudança nesse campo. Objetivos: esta revisão sistemática visa avaliar literatura de estudos sobre a aplicação de métodos de e-Learning no ensino de radiologia no nível de graduação em comparação com os métodos convencional de ensino-aprendizagem. Material e Métodos: bases de dados científicas importantes foram pesquisadas sobre literatura relacionada à aplicação do e-Learning na graduação em radiologia. As palavraschave usadas para a pesquisa foram: E-learning, radiologia dentária, radiologia oral, graduação. O texto completo do artigo elegível em inglês foi sistematicamente revisado. Resultados: sete textos completos foram obtidos após análise minuciosa da literatura. A maior parte dos trabalhos de pesquisa foi realizada na década passada em escolas de odontologia em diferentes partes do mundo. Quase todos os estudos mostraram que o e-learning era igualmente eficaz ou mais eficaz quando comparado ao ensino convencional em radiologia dentária. Conclusão: o e-learning pode ser uma alternativa adequada ao ensino-aprendizagem convencional, com melhoria significativa nas atitudes e conhecimentos aluno. No entanto, a influência de e-learning para melhorar as habilidades práticas ou clínicas da radiolog ia dentária ainda é discutível(AU)

Oral and periodontal features of autosomal recessive syndromes: a tabular review / Características oral e periodontal de síndromes autossômicas recessivas: uma revisão tabular

Objective: To systematically review the data and results of case reports of autosomal recessive syndromes associated with periodontitis. Material and Methods: An internet search using Google and PubMed search engine and keywords- autosomal recessive, periodontitis, syndromes, periodontium and gingiva was carried out. Full-text articles in the English language of all the case reports and reviews that were published in journals from the year 1966 to 2016 were obtained and evaluated and presented in tabular form. Abstracts and articles published in other languages were not included in the review. Results: The data available from the clinical trials were analyzed and presented under broad headings of, systemic features, dental features, periodontal features and laboratory findings presented in tabular form. Conclusion: Many autosomal recessive syndromes with dental component also present with changes or alteration in the periodontium thus stressing the fact that thorough periodontal examination is important during the medical evaluation of patients with syndromes (AU)

Objetivo: Analisar sistematicamente os dados e resultados de relatos de caso de síndromes autossômicas recessivas associadas à periodontite. Material e Métodos: realizou-se uma pesquisa na internet usando os sites Google e PubMed com as palavras-chave: autossômica recessiva, periodontite, síndromes, periodonto e gengiva. Os critérios de inclusão foram restritos aos artigos em texto completo em língua inglesa, relatos de casos e revisões publicados em periódicos de 1966 a 2016. Resumos e artigos publicados em outras línguas não foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Os dados extraídos de cada estudo foram agrupados da seguinte forma: as síndromes associadas a características sistêmicas, aos achados dentários e aos achados periodontais, apresentados no formato de tabelas. Conclusões: Diversas síndromes autossômicas recessivas que apresentam alterações dentárias também podem apresentar alterações no periodonto, ressaltando assim, o fato de que o exame periodontal completo é importante durante a avaliação médica de pacientes com síndromes (AU)

A New Regression Equation Proposed For Mixed Dentition Analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India Population

Objective: To develop and propose a new regression for mixed dentition analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India population. Material and Methods: The permanent dentition dental casts of 800 (400 males and 400 females) Chhattisgarh subjects were selected. Digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal crown widths of teeth. The linear regression equations and correlation between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of maxillary and mandibular arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation) and proposed for Chhattisgarh population. Results: New standardized regression equations were formulated to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars especially for Chhattisgarh, Central India population. The equation in males for maxillary arch was Y = 11.90 + 0.39 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y = 12.23 + 0.36 (X). Similarly, the equation in females for maxillary arch was Y = 14.40 + 0.26 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y= 10.26 + 0.43 (X). A significant sexual dimorphism in teeth sizes was seen with higher mesio distal dimension in males in Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Sum of the mesiodistal diameter of permanent mandibular incisors can be used reliably to predict/estimate the sum of mesiodistal diameters of unerupted canines and premolars with the new regression equations.

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma: a report of two clinical cases

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a relatively rare histological variant of ameloblastoma with specific clinical, radiological, and histological features. Although radiographic examination of ameloblastomas usually reveals unilocular or multilocular radiolucency, desmoplastic ameloblastoma may appearas a mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion resembling benign fibro-osseous lesions. Histologically, desmoplastic ameloblastoma is characterized by small nests and strands of “compressed”odontogenic epithelium supported by pronounced collagenized stroma. This report describes two cases of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the anterior maxilla of a female patient and the anterior mandible of a male patient, mimicking clinically as an odontogenic cyst.