Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. (EEP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages.@*METHODS@#RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0-200 µg/mL EEP or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor Kappa B alpha (Iκ B-α) and p38. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κ B p65). Additionally, the anti-oxidant potential of EEP was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) radical and nitrite scavenging activity were also measured.@*RESULTS@#The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EEP were 23.50±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 43.78±3.81 mg rutin equivalent/100 g. With EEP treatment (100 and 150 µg/mL), there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, with EEP treatment (150 µg/mL), there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, P<0.01 or P<0.05), by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κ B p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, EEP (100 and 150 µg/mL) led to an increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activity of SOD and CAT, with a concomitant decrease in ROS production (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EEP also indicated the DPPH, OH, O2- radical and nitrite scavenging activity.@*CONCLUSION@#EEP inhibited inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through blocking MAPK/NF-κ B pathway and protected against oxidative stress.

Application of electric detachable stent in the embolization therapy of intracranial aneurysms / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Solitaire(TM) AB neurovascular stenting-assisted coil embolization for patients with wide-necked or dissecting aneurysms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical results and prognosis from a consecutive series of 38 patients with 40 wide-necked or dissecting aneurysms aneurysms who treated by Solitaire(TM) AB neurovascular stenting-assisted coil embolization from August 2010 to January 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 male and 26 female patients, the age was 21 - 78 years (mean 55 years). Thirty-one cases were confirmed wide-neck aneurysms and 9 cases were dissection aneurysms by DSA. Acute subarachnoed hemorrhage due to the rupture of aneurysms was seen in 28 cases (according Hunt-Hess scale, 1 case of Class I, 20 cases of Class II, 4 cases of Class III, 3 cases of Class IV), 1 case was traumatic intracranial aneurysm, 1 case was misdiagnosed during the operation of pituitary adenoma by the approach of transsphenoid, and unruptured aneurysms were seen in 8 cases. The aneurysms were located at the posterior communicating segment of internal carotid artery (21 cases), the supraclinoid segment of internal carotid artery (6 cases), the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery (3 cases), the anterior communicating artery (1 case), and the vertebral artery (9 cases). The patients were performed DSA and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) to evaluate the prognosis 6 months after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty stents were used and all remodeling device were achieved successful position. Owing to acute thrombosis in 3 patients, the stents were retrieved successfully. The proportion of patients in whom Raymond class 1 occlusion was obtained in 31 cases (77.5%), Raymond class 2 occlusion in 5 cases (12.5%) and Raymond class 3 occlusion in 4 cases (10.0%). The follow-up was 3 to 12 months (median 6 months). The results of DSA indicated none of the patients' anuerysm was recurred; and GOS was applied to evaluate the prognosis of patients after 3 months. Of 38 patients, 34 recovered well, 3 moderately disabled, 1 patient died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is safe to embolize aneurysms with Solitaire(TM) AB neurovascular stenting-assisted coil; meanwhile, the stents can be retrieved when acute thrombosis to reduce the complications.</p>

Expression of c-myc mRNA on early restenosis after carotid endarterectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression and changes of protooncogene c-myc in early restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using New Zealand Rabbits, carotid atherosclerotic stenosis (CASS) model were created. The expression of c-myc in early restenosis after CEA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this experiment protooncogene c-myc was analysed at pre-operation, 4 hours and 1 d after CEA by qRT-PCR, and the level of mRNA of c-myc was reached maximum at 4 hours, and decreased following significantly, but still higher than pre-operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The activation of protooncogene c-myc may be generator factor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.</p>

Treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms using stent and balloon-assisted technique / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the avail of balloon and stent-assisted Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) placement in treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven patients with 92 wide-necked aneurysms undergone endovascular procedures using the balloon and stent-assisted remodeling technique. Respectively, appropriate Neuroform stents delivered with a 5 mm landing zone on either side of the aneurysm neck, the microcatheter entered through the interstice, aneurysms were embolized at one or several times. Two catheters were used in balloon-remodeling technique, balloon were inflated across the neck of the aneurysms after the microcatheter entering the aneurysms, then the GDC were used to embolize the aneurysms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-one aneurysms were completely occluded, 3 subtotally (> 90%) and 1 incompletely (70% - 90%) occluded using stent-assisted technique, all carry arteries were unblocked, 3 patients with mild neurological dysfunction and no mortality. Fifty aneurysms were completely occluded and 4 incompletely occluded using balloon-assisted technique, 1 patients with mild neurological dysfunction and no mortality. Two aneurysms were completely occluded and 1 incompletely occluded using stent-assisted and balloon-assisted technique. The mean period of follow-up was 5.8 months. Rates of recanalization were 16.7% for stent-remodeling group and 12.5% for balloon-remodeling group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The stent and balloon-assisted remodeling technique are safe and effective in treating wide-necked aneurysms. Balloon-remodeling technique has more security comparing with stents.</p>

Use of a self-designed bladder controller for restoring bladder function in paraplegic dogs / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the results of a self-designed bladder controller for restoring micturition function in paraplegic dogs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The spinal cords of 4 dogs were transected above the cone. Electrodes were implanted in S2 bilaterally and connected to the subcutaneous receivers for external activation. Microsurgical technique was employed to perform dorsal rhizotomy of S1-3 intradurally. The dogs were stimulated daily to observe micturition. Urodynamic testing and vesicography were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the dogs acquired micturition under the control of electric stimulation, with urine volume 80-140 ml per time. The mode of micturition was post-stimulus voiding. Vesicography revealed that the bladder was filled well and the bladder neck was open in the micturition course of electric stimulation. Residual urine volume was 15-20 ml. Urodynamic testing found that the bladder pressure and intraurethral pressure increased simultaneously, but when the intraurethral pressure was greater than the bladder pressure, no micturition occurred. The pressure decreased to baseline rapidly and the bladder pressure decreased slowly between two bursts. Micturition occurred when the bladder pressure was greater than the intraurethral pressure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The self-designed bladder controller together with a sacral deafferentation procedure can restore micturition function of paraplegic dogs.</p>