Research progress of traditional Chinese antidepressant herb-pair / 药学学报

@#Depression, a global disease with various pathogenic factors, is seriously affecting human physical and mental health. In Chinese traditional medical theory, the disease belongs to the category of "Yu Zheng". At present, on the one hand, adverse reactions to antidepressant western medicine are becoming more and more prominent. On the other hand, the study of their antidepressant active ingredients and compatibility mechanisms has become a difficult field in the traditional Chinese medicine compounds due to their complexity. The Chinese antidepressant herb-pairs has become a hot topic in the field of antidepressant research. Herb-pair is the core of traditional Chinese medicine compound. In addition, the compound itself is a herb-pair. The study of traditional Chinese antidepressant herb-pairs is more conducive to clarify the compatibility mechanism of herb interaction and the mechanism of antidepressants on the body.Therefore, this paper systematically expounds antidepressant herb-pairs from the study of material, pharmacokinetics and efficacy, which aims at providing theoretical support for the compatibility mechanism of antidepressant herb-pairs and the research of new antidepressant drugs.

Effect of the interleukin 10 polymorphisms on interleukin 10 production and visceral hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by cytokine imbalance. Previously, decreased plasma interleukin 10 (IL-10) level was reported in patients with IBS, which may be due to genetic polymorphisms. However, there are no reports correlating the IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production in patients with IBS. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IL-10 polymorphisms on IL-10 production and its correlation with the clinical symptoms in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).@*Methods@#Two IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1800871 and rs1800896) were detected in 120 patients with IBS-D and 144 healthy controls (HC) using SNaPshot. IBS symptom severity score, Bristol scale, hospital anxiety, and depressive scale (HADS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms, as well as the psychological status and visceral sensitivity of the subjects. IL-10 levels in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while those in ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies were measured using immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#The frequency of rs1800896 C allele was significantly lower in the patients with IBS-D than that in the HC (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.92, P = 0.0240). The IL-10 levels in the plasma (P = 0.0030) and PBMC culture supernatant (P = 0.0500) of the CT genotype subjects were significantly higher than those in the TT genotype subjects. The CT genotype subjects exhibited a higher pain threshold in the rectal distention test than the TT genotype subjects. Moreover, IL-10 rs1800871 GG genotype subjects showed an increase in the HADS score compared to other genotype subjects.@*Conclusions@#IL-10 rs1800896 C allele is correlated with higher IL-10 levels in the plasma and the PBMC culture supernatant, which is associated with a higher pain threshold in the Chinese patients with IBS-D. This study provides an explicit relationship of IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production, which might help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS-D.

Characteristic dysbiosis of gut microbiota of Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by an insight into the pan-microbiome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is reported associated with the alteration of gut microbial composition termed as dysbiosis. However, the pathogenic mechanism of IBS remains unclear, while the studies of Chinese individuals are scarce. This study aimed to understand the concept of dysbiosis among patients with Chinese diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), as a degree of variance between the gut microbiomes of IBS-D population and that of a healthy population.@*METHODS@#The patients with IBS-D were recruited (assessed according to the Rome III criteria, by IBS symptom severity score) from the Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Peking University Third Hospital, and volunteers as healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, during 2013. The 16S rRNA sequences were extracted from fecal samples. Ribosomal database project resources, basic local alignment search tool, and SparCC software were used to obtain the phylotype composition of samples and the internal interactions of the microbial community. Herein, the non-parametric test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test was carried out to find the statistical significance between HC and IBS-D groups. All the P values were adjusted to q values to decrease the error rate.@*RESULTS@#The study characterized the gut microbiomes of Chinese patients with IBS-D, and demonstrated that the dysbiosis could be characterized as directed alteration of the microbiome composition leading to greater disparity between relative abundance of two phyla, Bacteroidetes (Z = 4.77, q = 1.59 × 10) and Firmicutes (Z = -3.87, q = 5.83 × 10). Moreover, it indicated that the IBS symptom features were associated with the dysbiosis of whole gut microbiome, instead of one or several certain genera even they were dominating. Two genera, Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, were identified as the core genera, meanwhile, the non-core genera contribute to a larger pan-microbiome of the gut microbiome. Furthermore, the dysbiosis in patients with IBS-D was associated with a reduction of network complexity of the interacted microbial community (HC vs. IBS-D: 639 vs. 154). The disordered metabolic functions of patients with IBS-D were identified as the potential influence of gut microbiome on the host (significant difference with q < 0.01 between HC and IBS-D).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study supported the view of the potential influence of gut microbiome on the symptom of Chinese patients with IBS-D, and further characterized dysbiosis in Chinese patients with IBS-D, thus provided more pathological evidences for IBS-D with the further understanding of dysbiosis.

Effect of the interleukin 10 polymorphisms on interleukin 10 production and visceral hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by cytokine imbalance. Previously, decreased plasma interleukin 10 (IL-10) level was reported in patients with IBS, which may be due to genetic polymorphisms. However, there are no reports correlating the IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production in patients with IBS. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IL-10 polymorphisms on IL-10 production and its correlation with the clinical symptoms in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).@*METHODS@#Two IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1800871 and rs1800896) were detected in 120 patients with IBS-D and 144 healthy controls (HC) using SNaPshot. IBS symptom severity score, Bristol scale, hospital anxiety, and depressive scale (HADS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms, as well as the psychological status and visceral sensitivity of the subjects. IL-10 levels in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while those in ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies were measured using immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The frequency of rs1800896 C allele was significantly lower in the patients with IBS-D than that in the HC (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.92, P = 0.0240). The IL-10 levels in the plasma (P = 0.0030) and PBMC culture supernatant (P = 0.0500) of the CT genotype subjects were significantly higher than those in the TT genotype subjects. The CT genotype subjects exhibited a higher pain threshold in the rectal distention test than the TT genotype subjects. Moreover, IL-10 rs1800871 GG genotype subjects showed an increase in the HADS score compared to other genotype subjects.@*CONCLUSIONS@#IL-10 rs1800896 C allele is correlated with higher IL-10 levels in the plasma and the PBMC culture supernatant, which is associated with a higher pain threshold in the Chinese patients with IBS-D. This study provides an explicit relationship of IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production, which might help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS-D.

Comparison of gut microbiotal compositional analysis of patients with irritable bowel syndrome through different bioinformatics pipelines / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To assess whether the same biological conclusion, diagnostic or curative effects regarding microbial composition of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients could be reached through different bioinformatics pipelines, we used two common bioinformatics pipelines (Uparse V2.0 and Mothur V1.39.5)to analyze the same fecal microbial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data.@*METHODS@#The two pipelines were used to analyze the diversity and richness of fecal microbial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data of 27 samples, including 9 healthy controls (HC group), 9 diarrhea IBS patients before (IBS group) and after Rifaximin treatment (IBS-treatment, IBSt group). Analyses such as microbial diversity, principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were used to find out the microbial differences among HC group vs. IBS group and IBS group vs. IBSt group.@*RESULTS@#(1) Microbial composition comparison of the 27 samples in the two pipelines showed significant variations at both family and genera levels while no significant variations at phylum level; (2) There was no significant difference in the comparison of HC vs. IBS or IBS vs. IBSt (Uparse: HC vs. IBS, F=0.98, P=0.445; IBS vs. IBSt, F=0.47,P=0.926; Mothur: HC vs.IBS, F=0.82, P=0.646; IBS vs. IBSt, F=0.37, P=0.961). The Shannon index was significantly decreased in IBSt; (3) Both workshops distinguished the significantly enriched genera between HC and IBS groups. For example, Nitrosomonas and Paraprevotella increased while Pseudoalteromonadaceae and Anaerotruncus decreased in HC group through Uparse pipeline, nevertheless Roseburia 62 increased while Butyricicoccus and Moraxellaceae decreased in HC group through Mothur pipeline.Only Uparse pipeline could pick out significant genera between IBS and IBSt, such as Pseudobutyricibrio, Clostridiaceae 1 and Clostridiumsensustricto 1.@*CONCLUSION@#There were taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity differences between the two pipelines, Mothur can get more taxonomic details because the count number of each taxonomic level is higher. Both pipelines could distinguish the significantly enriched genera between HC and IBS groups, but Uparse was more capable to identity the difference between IBS and IBSt groups. To increase the reproducibility and reliability and to retain the consistency among similar studies, it is very important to consider the impact on different pipelines.

Evaluation on the safety and immunogenicity of Canada split influenza virus vaccine / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Canada split influenza virus vaccine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cluster samples were by randomly chosen and divided into split vaccination group and homoimported influenza vaccination group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After injection, fever-reaction and local reaction rates of 'trial' group were found as 3.69% and 1.75% respectively, but no statistical significance was found when compared with 'control' group. However the antibody positive rates of 'trail' and 'control' groupsappeared statistically significant (H1N1: 96.8% vs. 92.3%, H3N2: 95.8% vs. 90.2%, B: 52.3% vs. 62.3%). For geometric mean titer (GMT) of type H1N1, H3H2 and B antibody, 'trial' group and 'control' group increased 22.4, 16.8, 8.2 and 21.2, 12.5 and 7.4 times respectively. The antibody protective rates of type H1N1, H3N2 and B were 99%, 99% and 53.9% for 'trial' group, and 96.2%, 98.4% and 62.3% for 'control' but with no statistically significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Influenza split vaccine made in Shire company in Canada was safe and with good immunogenicity.</p>