Research and application of intelligent hyperspectral analysis technology for Chinese materia medica / 中国中药杂志

With the development of imaging technology and artificial intelligence, hyperspectral imaging technology provides a fast, non-destructive, intelligent, and precise new method for the analysis of Chinese materia medica(CMM). This paper summarized the methods and applications of hyperspectral imaging technology combined with intelligent analysis technology in the field of CMM in recent years, focusing on the acquisition and preprocessing of hyperspectral data, intelligent analysis methods of hyperspectral data, and practical cases of these technologies in the field of CMM. Hyperspectral data of CMM can provide spectral information with nanometer-level resolution and rich spatial texture information simultaneously. This paper summarized the acquisition process, including black-and-white board calibration and region-of-interest extraction, and preprocessing methods including smoothing, differentiation, scale-space, and scattering correction. The feature extraction methods in terms of spectral, spatial, color, and texture were briefly described, and common modeling methods were summarized. Finally, this paper reviewed the research cases of the application of the above methods to the fields of CMM, such as authenticity identification, origin tracing, variety recognition, year identification, sulfur fumigation degree determination, and quantitative measurement.

Advance in Neural Control in Eccentric Exercise (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

The nervous system controls eccentric exercise in a special way. During eccentric exercise, excitability increases in cortex, and inhibition decreases, causing excitability decrease in spinal cords. In another hand, increased cortical excitability results in extra excitatory compensation for spinal inhibition. The excitability of the corticospinal pathway depends on the balance between excitability and inhibition of the spinal cord level finally, which usually decreases. Many factors, such as the intensity of contraction, can affect the balance of corticospinal excitability. There is a cross-over effect in eccentric exercise, which promotes corticospinal excitability in untrained limbs. However, the effects and mechanisms of muscle length, fatigue and training duration are still unclear, and current researches have focused in the healthy populations. More researches are needed to explore the effects of eccentric exercise on ill populations.

Discovery of a potent FKBP38 agonist that ameliorates HFD-induced hyperlipidemia

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) signaling promotes lipogenesis. However, mTOR inhibitors also displayed a significant side effect of hyperlipidemia. Thus, it is essential to develop mTOR-specific inhibitors to inhibit lipogenesis. Here, we screened the endogenous inhibitors of mTOR, and identified that FKBP38 as a vital regulator of lipid metabolism. FKBP38 decreased the lipid content

Effect of compound Longmaining decoction with different combinations on intestinal absorption of puerarin / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of compound Longmaining(FFLMN) with different combinations on the intestinal absorption of puerarin. The rat single pass intestinal perfusion model was adopted, and the concentration of puerarin in intestinal samples was determined by HPLC. The effects of different combination groups on the absorption of puerarin in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were investigated. The combined drugs were GG(Puerariae Lobatae Radix), GG-CSL (Puerariae Lobatae Radix compared with Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma), GG-CX(Puerariae Lobatae Radix compared with Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and FFLMN (compound Longmaining). We found that the absorption rate constant(Ka) and the apparent coefficient(Papp) of puerarin had no significant difference between GG-CSL and FFLMN groups, but significantly higher in GG and GG-CX groups(P<0.05) in the duodenum and ileum. In jejunum and colon, Ka and Papp of puerarin showed significant differences between GG and other groups(P<0.05). At the same time, FFLMN also had significant differences with GG-CSL and GG-CX groups(P<0.05). The results showed that in the whole intestine of rats, FFLMN could significantly promote the absorption of puerarin. In the duodenum and ileum, Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma played a significant role in promoting absorption of puerarin. In jejunum and colon, Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma have a synergistic effect in promoting absorption of puerarin.

Effect of puerarin in Longmaining formula on pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation in rats with myocardial ischemia / 中国中药杂志

To study the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in compound Longmaining(FFLMN) in normal rats and myocardial ischemia rats, and investigate its correlation with anti-myocardial ischemia effect of FFLMN. Models of myocardial ischemia rats were produced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol(ISO), then FFLMN extract solution was administered by gavage. Orbital sinus blood sampling was collected at different time points after gavage. HPLC-UV method was applied to determine the concentration of puerarin in plasma, and compare the difference in pharmacokinetics between normal rats and model rats after application of same dose of FFLMN. Meanwhile, microplate reader was used to determine IL-6 and SOD activities in plasma of different time points, and draw dose-effect curve. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of puerarin conformed to the two-compartment model in both normal group and myocardial ischemia model group. In the comparison of main pharmacokinetic parameters between two groups: AUC0-∞=(11.451±3.228) mg•h•L⁻¹,AUC0-t=(14.047±3.765) mg•h•L⁻¹, Cmax=(5.623±1.40) mg•L⁻¹ in normal group; AUC0-∞=(68.849±50.396 9) mg•h•L⁻¹, AUC0-t= (58.312±45.802) mg•h•L⁻¹,Cmax=(18.456±7.517) mg•L⁻¹ in treatment group. The SOD level was significantly increased and IL-6 concentration was significantly decreased in plasma, indicating that as compared with the normal group, puerarin in FFLMN had a higher plasma concentration, slower elimination rate and higher bioavailability. Therefore, puerarin concentration in plasma has correlation with the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of FFLMN, which could increase SOD level and inhibit the release of IL-6.

Study on rat small intestinal absorption features of puerarin loaded O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres based on single pass perfusion method / 中草药

Objective: To study the rat intestinal absorption characteristic of puerarin loaded O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) microspheres in situ. Methods: Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used for rat in situ and HPLC to determine the concentration of puerarin. The effects of different perfusion rate, drug concentration, and intestinal segments on intestinal absorption were investigated, and the absorption characteristics of the puerarin and puerarin loaded O-CMCS microspheres were compared. Results: Perfusion rate had significant effect on the absorption rate constants (Ka) and the apparent absorption coefficient (Papp) (P 0.05); Ka and Papp of drug loaded microspheres in jejunum and ileum showed no significant difference, but they were significantly higher than that in duodenum (P < 0.05); The drug loaded microspheres and puerarin had the significant difference in Ka and Papp in jejunum (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The absorption mechanism of puerarin in the microspheres is passive diffusion, puerarin is absorbed well in jejunum and ileum, and puerarin loaded O-CMCS microspheres can significantly improve the absorption of puerarin.