Efficacy and tolerability of a gatifloxacin/prednisolone acetate fixed combination for topical prophylaxis and control of inflammation in phacoemulsification: a 20-day-double-blind comparison to its individual components

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of 0.3% gatifloxacin and 1% prednisolone (Zypred®) versus the individual components used separately (Zypred® and Predfort®) for infection prophylaxis and inflammation control after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of 108 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was conducted. After random assignment, 47 eyes received the fixed combination of topical 0.3% gatifloxacin/1% prednisolone drops, and 61 eyes received the same doses of the individual components as separate solutions four times a day for 15 days. Baseline and postoperative assessments were made on postoperative days 1, 7, 15, and 20. RESULTS: All objective (best corrected visual acuity, sign of active ocular inflammation, central and incisional corneal edema, the number of cells per high-power field in the anterior chamber, and intraocular pressure) and subjective (eye pain, photophobia, burning sensation, itching, and foreign body sensation) criteria of efficacy were similar in both groups, with no significant differences. Group I included 47 eyes that received the fixed combination of gatifloxacin/prednisolone acetate eye drops and a placebo eye drop solution. Group II included 61 eyes that were treated with 0.3% gatifloxacin and 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops separately. The intraocular pressure was slightly higher in Group II (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with the fixed-dose combination of gatifloxacin/prednisolone eye drops was as effective as the non-fixed combination in preventing infection and controlling inflammation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. .

Prevenção à cegueira em crianças de 3 a 6 anos assistidas pelo programa de saúde da família (PSF) do Morro do Alemão - Rio de Janeiro / Blindness prevention on 3 to 6 years old children at a health family program assisted community in Morro do Alemão - Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visou fazer um levantamento da prevalência de ambliopia e fatores ambliopiogênicos em crianças com idade pré-escolar em áreas assistidas pelo Programa de Saúde da Família no Morro do Alemão-RJ. MÉTODOS: Crianças com idade entre 3 e 6 anos foram submetidas a exame de triagem visual. Os resultados positivos foram confirmados por exame oftalmológico realizado sob cicloplegia na própria unidade de saúde. Foram aplicados questionários semi-estruturados aos acompanhantes das crianças e aos membros de todas as equipes de saúde da unidade. RESULTADOS: De 559 crianças convocadas para triagem, 265 (47,4 por cento) compareceram e, destas, 127 (48 por cento) foram encaminhadas para exame oftalmológico completo. Tiveram o exame ocular normal 138 (52 por cento) das crianças examinadas pela triagem. Compareceram para exame especializado 81 (63,7 por cento) crianças. Destas, 9 (4,1 por cento) crianças tiveram diagnóstico de ambliopia. Quatro (1,8 por cento) por estrabismo, uma (0,46 por cento) por privação de estímulo, uma (0,46 por cento) por anisometropia e três (33,3 por cento) por erros refracionais isometrópicos. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos pela triagem seguida de exame ocular especializado executada na unidade de atenção primária à saúde (PSF) do Morro do Alemão-RJ, mostraram que os exames de triagem realizados são relevantes para a detecção de ambliopia e fatores ambliopiogênicos e para a promoção da saúde ocular infantil.

PURPOSE: The study objective is to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and amblyopiogenic factors in children from 3 to 6 years old at a health family program assisted community in Morro do Alemão-RJ. METHODS: A preschool children ocular evaluation cross sectional study will be submitted to an ophthalmic screening exam.The positive results were confirmed by oftalmologic examination under cicloplegia inside of the health centre. Were applied a semi-structure questionnaire to the health members of the health centre team and to all children accompanist. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty nine patients were convocated to the examination, but only 265 (47,4 percent) were presented. 138 (52 percent) had normal ocular exam.Were sent to complete ocular evaluation 127 (48 percent) patient. 81 (63,7 percent) children show up for the specialized ocular examination and that's one 36 (44,4 percent) children showed some kind of refraction error, 4 (5 percent) with strabismus and 1 (1,2 percent) with unilateral congenital ptose. Nine (7 percent) showed amblyopia diagnosis. 4 (44,4 percent) for strabismus, 1 (11,1 percent) for stimulus deprivation, 1 (11,1 percent) refractional for anisometropia and 3 (33,3 percent) refractional isometrópico. CONCLUSION: The results obtained of the trial examination made before the specialized ocular examination realized in the health family program in Morro do Alemão-RJ, show us that the trial exams are relevant to detect amblyopia and amblyopiogenic factors and to promote children ocular health.