Analysis of intestinal microbial diversity in Leopoldamys edwardsi based on illumina sequencing technique / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore the composition and diversity of the intestinal microflora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island. In November 2019, DNA was extracted from fecal samples of 25 adult Leopoldamys edwardsi (14 males and 11 females) in Hainan Island at the Joint Laboratory of tropical infectious diseases of Hainan Medical College and Hong Kong University. Based on the IonS5TMXL sequencing platform, single-end sequencing (Single-End) was used to construct a small fragment library for single-end sequencing. Based on Reads shear filtration and OTUs clustering. The species annotation and abundance analysis of OTUs were carried out by using mothur method and SSUrRNA database, and further conducted α diversity and β diversity analysis. A total of 1481842 high quality sequences, belonging to 14 Phyla, 85 families and 186 Genera, were obtained from 25 intestinal excrement samples of Leopoldamys edwardsi. At the level of phyla classification, the main core biota of the Leopoldamys edwardsi contained Firmicutes (46.04%),Bacteroidetes (25.34%), Proteobacteria (17.09%), Tenericutes (7.38%) and Actinobacteria (1.67%), these five phyla account for 97.52% of all phyla. The ratio of Helicobacter which occupied the largest proportion at the genus level was 12.44%, followed by Lactobacillus (11.39%), Clostridium (6.19%),Mycoplasma (4.23%) and Flavonifractor (3.52%). High throughput sequencing analysis showed that the intestinal flora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island was complex and diverse, which had the significance of further research.

Application of PulseNet China Database in tracking and warning 4 cholerae outbreaks in Anhui province, in 2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To track the source of infection regarding 4 Cholerae outbreaks in Anhui province in 2012 through the application of PulseNet China Database (PNCD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cholerae virulence genes were amplified by PCR and typed by pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). Results from electrophoresis were cluster-analyzed by BioNumericsV4.0 software and compared with PNCD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Virulence gene CT and TCP of the tested vibrio cholera showed both positive. Homology of the strains from four cholera outbreaks was more than 98%, based on the homologous and cluster analysis through enzyme digested PFGE electrophoresis. Those strains were highly homologous with the cholera epidemic strains identified in Hunan, Sichuan,Zhejiang, Shanghai and Hubei by PNCD, with the homology as 100% .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four cholera outbreaks in Anhui province, 2012 were highly correlated with the outbreaks occurring in Hunan and Sichuan during the same time period, indicating that PNCD could effectively and quickly tracking down the source of infection on the cholera outbreaks and providing early warning of the situation.</p>

The firstly confirmed pregnant woman case of avian influenza A (H5N1) by etiological research in China / 病毒学报

To investigate the cause of death of a pregnant woman with undefined pneumonia reported from the People's Hospital of Tongling City in Anhui Province on November 8, 2005, the patient's tracheal aspirates and serum samples were collected and tested by RT-PCR and Real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of HA of A/H5N1, A/H7N7, A/H9N1 and A/M. Tracheal aspirates were inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs for cultivation and identification of virus. The HA gene of the virus was sequenced and analyzed. Serum samples were tested by HI assay to detect antibody of H5N1. The results showed that HA gene of A/H5N1 virus and A/M were positive in tracheal aspirates by both PCR tests. The serum sample collected on Nov. 9 was A/M gene positive by Real-time PCR. The analysis of HA gene of A/AnHui/1/2005 sequence showed that the receptor specificity and the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 were still avian influenza origin. The HI antibody of H5N1 was negative at 7th, 8th, 9th d of disease onset. This undefined pneumonia case was confirmed as the first pregnant woman case of avian influenza (H5N1) virus infection by etiology in the mainland of China.

Study on a fatal pregnant woman died from by avian influenza (H5N1) / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To ascertain the causation of a pregnant woman with undefined pneumonia reported from the People's Hospital of Tongling city in Anhui province on November 2005.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological and clinical information of the case was collected from the keypersons close to the case and referring to the medical record. A medical observation was carried out on the close contacts of the case and sick or dead poultry. Tracheal aspirates being collected were tested by both RT-PCR and real-time PCR to detect viral nucleic acids of A/H5N1, and were inoculated into special pathogen free (SPF) embryonated hens' eggs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pregnant woman was found to have been contacted with the sick/dead poultry directly on the 4th day before onset of illness. All the 122 close contacts were healthy after a 10-day medical observation. The major clinical features of the case were viral pneumonia with rapidly developed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes was found at clinical presentation. HA and NA gene of A/H5N1 virus were positive. The 8 gene fragments of A/Anhui/1/2005 (H5N1) isolated from the tracheal aspirates had not carried genes from a human virus through reassortment, and the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin was polybasic cleavage site.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was the first documented case of H5N1 infection in pregnant woman. The immunotolerant state of pregnancy might have predisposed to the fatal outcome of the patient.</p>