Gynecomastia in 38 children: etiology and treatment / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the etiology and treatment of gynecomastia in male children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 38 boys with gynecomastia at ages of 2-14 years were retrospectively studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 38 cases, 17 cases were identified as adolescent breast hyperplasia, 2 cases were relevant to primary disease, 4 cases were caused by ingestion of drugs containing hormone, and 15 cases did not show identifiable causes and were diagnosed as idiopathic gynecomastia. For the 3 children with breast development in B3 stage, oral rupixiao was administered (1.34 g, tid) for one month. For 16 children at ages of over 12 years with breast development in B2 stage and with obvious clinical symptoms, oral rupixiao was administered (1.34 g, tid) for 3-5 days. The other patients did not receive drug treatment. In a one month to one year follow-up, most of the patients recovered well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The etiology of gynecomastia in male children includes adolescent breast hyperplasia, ingestion of drugs containing hormone and secondary causes. Most gynecomastia can be attributed to physiological reasons. Only a few children with obvious clinical symptoms need drug treatment.</p>

Clinical diagnosis of breast cancer with nonpalpable tumor / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the early diagnosis of breast cancer with nonpalpable tumor.@*METHODS@#Forty-six cases of clinical nonpalpable tumor were examined by mammography and sonography.The cases of nipple discharge were also examined by fiberoptic ductoscopy.@*RESULTS@#Breast cancer in 46 cases was diagnosed by pathological examination. Of them, 34 diagnosed with breast cancer were found with nodus, calcification or confused structure, and so on, 5 were considered benign tumor, and 7 were not found lesion by mammography. Thirty-one cases were diagnosed with breast cancer, 6 with benign tumor, and 9 were not found occupying lesion by sonography. Occupying lesions were found in 6 cases of nipple discharge by fiberoptic ductoscopy and were finally diagnosed by biopsy.@*CONCLUSION@#Mammography and sonography are important methods in early discovering breast cancer. Early diagnosis rate of breast cancer can be elevated by signs of early breast cancer and combined examination of mammograply and sonography.

Expressions of survivin and nm23 and the relationship among the expressions and the axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expressions of Survivin protein and nm23 protein and the relationship among the expressions and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.@*METHODS@#The expression of Survivin and nm23 in 80 cases of breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method, and their correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis and 5-year disease free survival (DFS) were analysed.@*RESULTS@#Survivin protein positive expression rate was 68.75% (55/80) in breast cancer tissues, which had positive correlation with the axillary lymph nodes metastasis but negative correlation with 5 years FS (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-apoptosis effect of Survivin protein and the anti-metastasis effect of nm23 protein may be important in the occurrence and advancement of breast cancer, suggesting that it may be a new indicator of prognostic and judgement in breast cancer.