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Background: Accurate diagnosis of ovarian tumours is a diagnostic challenge. Multiple modes are used for the early detection of ovarian tumours. Early detection provides a survival advantage. Ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important imaging modalities in this regard. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of USG and CT imaging in the detection of malignant ovarian tumours.Materials: An observational cross-sectional study is conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis of Narayan medical college and hospital, Bihar over a period of 18 months from August 2021 to March 2024. Fifty-three patients with suspected ovarian malignancy who were not pregnant or had contraindications for administration of contrast media were included in the study. USG, CT and histopathology reports were compared for diagnostic accuracy with respect to different components.Results: Mean age of the patients was seen to be 49.6�.8 years. Abdominal pain was the most common presentation Majority of the patients had vascular lesions with a well-differentiated margin, heterogenous enhancement and septations. USG and CT agree almost perfectly in, identifying septations, calcification, and in differentiating margin of the tumours and very poorly for the identification of lymphadenopathy. CT had better sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) when compared to USG for diagnosis of ovarian malignanciesConclusions: CT has superior diagnostic accuracy compared to USG for diagnosis of ovarian tumours. However, USG provides similar diagnostic accuracy for identifying septations, calcification, and in differentiating margins of tumours.
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Ovarian torsion is a comparatively rare gynecological emergency. It commonly presents with complaints of acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It occurs due to twisting of the ovarian pedicle leading to ischemic changes in the ovary. It can even result in complete loss of blood supply, eventually necrosis of the ovary. It is diagnosed clinically and can be confirmed on ultrasound color doppler. The management of ovarian torsion depends on the age of the patient, size of the mass, ovary condition, and USG findings. Early diagnosis and treatment of torsion are necessary to preserve the viability of the ovary. We are reporting a case of a 30-year-old female with right ovarian cyst torsion of size 6.3×6.8×6 cm. Once torsion is diagnosed surgery is the mainstay of treatment, either detorsion and ovariopexy or oophorectomy if the ovary cannot be salvaged.
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Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is one of the most feared complications in obstetrics, contributing to a significant amount of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our country. An antepartum haemorrhage is defined as bleeding into or from the genital tract from 24 weeks� gestation and onwards, before the delivery of the baby. APH complicates about 2-5% of all the pregnancies with incidence of placenta previa (PP) about 0.33% to 0.55% and incidence of abruptio placenta (AP) about 0.5-1%. The maternal complications seen in patients with APH are malpresentations, premature labour, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), sepsis, shock and retained placenta and the various foetal complications are preterm baby, low birth weight, intrauterine death, congenital malformation and birth asphyxia.Methods: A 45 patients were included in this descriptive study and detailed history taking and clinical examination was done and the resultant maternal and neonatal outcome was noted.Results: Incidence of APH in current study was calculated to be 0.53%. Out of the 45 patients, 28 (62.3%) were diagnosed with placenta previa and 17 (37.8%) were diagnosed with abruptio placenta. All 45 patients underwent caesarean section. 3 patients (6.6%) underwent obstetric hysterectomy due to diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. 35 alive and 8 dead born foetuses were delivered. 40% of new borns were admitted in NICU.Conclusions: Antepartum haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by early antenatal registration, regular and frequent antenatal visits, early detection and labelling of high-risk cases, and early referral to higher centre when indicated.
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Background: The present study was conducted at our tertiary health centre with the objective of analyzing contraceptive trends and fetal outcome in women with various interpregnancy interval (IPI).Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study. Women were segregated into three categories as per their IPI (short, normal and long) and contraceptive trends and fetal outcome were deliberated. All women attending ANC clinic with previous pregnancy, regardless of outcome and registration status were included in our study.Results: We found that 21.1% of women with short IPI were unaware about contraception and this difference was statistically significant. It was seen that among women not using any method of contraception, majority had short ICP, almost 31.1% cases. This difference was also statistically significant. Amidst those with adverse outcomes of previous pregnancy, i.e. 169 cases, 87 cases i.e. 51.5% of the women conceived within 2 years. Short IPI is linked with an escalated risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and congenital anomaly whereas long IPI caused large for gestational age babies.Conclusions: Contraception and previous pregnancy outcome have a significant effect on interpregnancy interval which in turn affects the maternal and fetal outcome. So it is essential to maintain an optimum interpregnancy interval as most of these complications are avoidable. Short interpregnancy interval is associated with low birth weight, preterm and congenital anomaly whereas long interpregnancy interval is associated with large for gestational age babies.
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An experiment was conducted at Product Testing Unit, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur to study the effect of application of propaquizafop and imazethapyr herbicide on weeds associated with blackgram. The experimental field was having mixed weed flora comprising of grassy as well as broad leaved weeds. Nine treatments comprised of four rates of application of propaquizafop+ imazethapyr at 47+70, 50+75, 53+80 and 56+85 g/ha and alone application of propaquizafop (100 g/ha), imazethapyr (100 g/ha), pendimethalin (1500 g/ha) and hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS including weedy check, were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. All herbicide treatments were applied in 500 liters of water per hectare, using flat fan nozzle as per the treatments. The dominant weed flora, species wise weed density, weed biomass, Weed control efficiency and weed index were recorded at different interval. The study revealed that the Echinochloa colona (29.39%) and Dinebra retroflexa (24.30%) were the found as dominant weeds in the field whereas, other monocot weeds like Cyperus iria (18.19%) and dicot weeds like Mullugo pentaphylla (12.23%), Eclipta alba (7.58%) and Alternanthera philoxeroides (8.31%) were also present in less numbers in blackgram under weedy check plots. Among the herbicidal treatments, activity of propaquizafop+imazethapyr mixture at the dose 53+80 and 56+85 g/ha emerged as effective control for the weeds associated with blackgram.
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A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) to study the ”Effect of Nitrogen Rates and Foliar Spray of Urea Application and Nano Urea on Yield and Economics of rabi Maize (Zea mays L.)”effect of three nitrogen rates (50%, 75% and 100% RDN ) and three foliar spray of urea viz 20000 PPM (2%) and nano urea viz 2000 PPM (2 ml/L) and 4000 PPM (4ml/L) application on yield and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available N (225kg/ha), available P (19.50) kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). The experiment consists of 10 treatment, each being replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The results of present investigation revealed that the highest Grain yield (6.41 t/ha), Stover yield (8.65 t/ha), Harvest Index (42.58), Maximum gross return (INR 1,28266.67), Net return (81,682.75) and B:C ration (1.75) under 100% RDN +4000ppm (4 ml/l) spray of nano urea.
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Aim: The objective of the research was to study the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on the yield attributing parameters of kharif onion.Study Design: The field experiment was carried out in Randomised Block Design (RBD).Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur U.P during the kharif seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23.Methodology: An experiment was carried out during Kharif season in the years, of 2021-22 and 2022-23 both the year same time at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of T1- Control: T2- 100% RDF (NPK @ 120:60:80 kg/ha; T3- 75% RDF+ FYM 6 t/ha: T4- 75%RDF+ Vermicompost@2 t/ ha; T5- 75%RDF+FYM @ 3t/ha+vermicompost@1 t/ha ;T6- 75% RDF + FYM @ 3 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 1t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each):T7? 50% RDF + FYM @ 12t/ha; T8-50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 4t/ha: T9- 50%RDF+ FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompos @ 2t/ha: T10- 50%RDF + FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each).Results: Results revealed that the treatment T10 (50% RDF +FYM @ 6 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5kg/ha each) performed better with respect to yield attributing parameters characters such as Average bulb weight, A, B, C grade bulb percentage, days takes to harvesting, bolting percentage of bulb and double bulb Percentage.Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial need to shift towards Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), incorporating both organic and inorganic fertilizers. This transition is essential to protect soil fertility, maintain ecosystem health, and ensure sustainable food production for future generations.
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Aims: To study the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on plant growth, yield and yield attributing traits in mungbean var. Sweta.Study Design: The field experiment was conducted in Randomised Block Design.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Student Instruction Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P during Zaid 2021 and Zaid 2022.Methodology: The seeds of mungbean var. Sweta were treated with Rhizobium @25 g/kg (T1), Trichoderma @10 g/kg (T2), Cypermethrin @3 g/kg (T3), Bavistin @3 g/kg (T4), Neem oil @5 ml/kg (T5) and Camphor @4 g/kg (T6) before sowing them in the field. At maturity, observations were recorded for plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha, to know the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on growth and seed yield in mungbean var. Sweta.Results: The treatment T5: Neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seed outperformed all the other treatments in terms of plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha. However, treatment T1: Rhizobium @25 g/kg seed, exhibited superior performance in terms of the number of root nodules per plant when compared to all other treatments.Conclusion: The transitioning from chemical to natural seed treatment is essential, given its manifold advantages for agriculture, the environment, and human health. Neem oil has eco-friendly pest control and growth-enhancing properties which can fuel this promising shift toward a more sustainable future.
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A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) on the topic “Effect of row ratio on growth and yield of wheat and mustard intercropping system”. To study treatments consisting with row Proportions with wheat and mustard intercropping. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 8.0), low in organic carbon (0.28 %), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). There were 8 treatments each being replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that treatment 1 (Sole wheat cropping) recorded significantly higher Plant height (89.4 cm), plant dry weight (16.15 g), number of effective tillers/m2 (634.01), number of grains/spike (52.80), grain yield (4.02 t/ha), straw yield (6.73 t/ha) of wheat and treatment 2 (Sole mustard cropping) recorded significant and higher Plant height (120.50 cm), plant dry weight (34.18 g), number of siliqua/plant (210.47), number of seeds/siliqua (22.90), test weight (3.66 g), seed yield (1.27 t/ha), stover yield (2.65 t/ha) and Harvest index (32.33 %) in mustard.
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Background: Objectives of the study was to find the prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorder in children and correlate it with various epidemiological factors.Methods: This observational study includes 240 children of 6 to 18 years of age using child behavioral checklist (CBCL). The study was conducted from the month December 2020 to June 2022, as this was the period with major COVID-19 cases in Ujjain district.Results: Out of 240, children showed clinically significant behavioral problems were oppositional defiant disorder 29.4% (n=5), anxiety 14.90% (n=10), attention deficit/ hyperactivity 14.9% (n=4), depression 10.421% (n=25), somatic 5.80% (n=9) and conduct problems 3.8% (n=6).Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused behavioral problems in adolescents, correlated with age, gender, history of infection, death, and quarantine in the family member.
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This study analyses the association between epidemiological factors and preeclampsia and the antihypertensive drug pattern used at different stages of preeclampsia. Total 252 patients were enrolled for study. Some of the study variables which were studied was maternal age, history of infertility, family income, education, antihypertensive drug used, body mass index of mother and baby’s birth weight. Study was performed SGT Hospital, Gurugram and was given ethical clearance by the Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). Data was collected with the help of validated questionnaires. Occurrence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in our study was found to be 47.2%. Maternal age, low socioeconomic status, less education level, >36 weeks of gestation are one of some major factors responsible for PIH. The current study implies that different dosage forms of labetalol was prescribed with P value <0.05.
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The present experiment was conducted in two environments viz. irrigated and rainfed, with three replications in randomized block design at Research Area of Cotton Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during Kharif 2021-22. Fifty elite desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) genotypes were grown as experimental material. Five plants were randomly selected from each genotype and observations were recorded on eight morphological traits viz. plant height, number of monopods per plant, days to first flower, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant, number of seeds per boll, ginning out turn and six physiological traits viz. relative water content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, total chlorophyll content, proline content. Under both the environments, sufficient amount of variability was present among all the genotypes for all the studied traits. The significant decrease in mean performance of all genotypes was observed for all traits except proline content under rainfed condition. Based on drought tolerance indices viz. YSI (Yield Stability Index) and DSI (Drought Susceptibility Index), per se performance and other yield contributing traits, genotypes viz. P 533, P 551, PAIG 129, DA-3/02 and DA-2/02 were found most drought tolerant among all the test genotypes and these may be used in future cotton breeding programs to develop higher yielding and drought tolerant varieties.
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Purpose: To identify the facial anthropometric parameters that predict the difficulty during femtosecond (FS) laser. Methods: This was a single?center observational study was conducted on participants between the ages 18 and 30 years who were planned for FS?LASIK (femtosecond laser?assisted laser in situ keratomileusis) or SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction) at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. The front and side?facing images of the participants were analyzed using Image J software to measure different anthropometric parameters. The nasal bridge index, facial convexity, and other parameters were measured. The difficulty faced by the surgeon during docking was recorded for each subject. The data were analyzed on Stata 14. Results: A total of 97 subjects were included. The mean age was 24 (±7) years. Twenty?three (23.71%) subjects were females while the rest were males. Difficulty in docking was seen in 1 (4.34%) female and 14 (19%) males. The mean nasal bridge index was 92.58 (±4.01) in subjects with deep?set eyes and 89.72 (±4.30) in normal subjects. The mean total facial convexity was 129.28 (±4.24) in deep?set eyes, and 140.23 (±4.74) in normal subjects. Conclusion: Total facial convexity appeared as the most important feature, with the value being less than 133° in most subjects with unfavorable facial anthropometry
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), often known as gramme or Bengal gramme, is a self-pollinated leguminous crop with diploid annual (2n = 16 chromosomes) that belongs to the family Leguminosae and subfamily Papilionaceae. During the Rabi season, it is the most significant crop in India. Chickpeas are a high-energy, high protein, and low carbohydrate food. Gram is a grain that is utilised for both human consumption and animal feed. It comes in flour, whole grain, roasted, and cocked varieties. The most common forms consumed by people are salted Dahl or sweet concoctions, as well as green foliage and grain as vegetables. In the Rabi season, 60% of pulses are grown, and 40% in the Kharif season. Chickpeas are high in calories, protein, minerals, vitamins, and fibre that may be useful to one's health. For biochemical characteristics on selected potential genotypes/varieties of chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L)], seeds of chickpea genotypes/varieties were obtained from legume Breeder, Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, CSAUAT, Kanpur. The experiment was planned in the Department's Research Laboratory in order to achieve the goals of their research. Dhal percent, husk percentages, broken dal, percentage loss in processing, protein, test weight, grain yield quintal/ha, were 71.40-82.92g, 7.50-17.74 percent, 2.00-5.60 percent, 20.85-23.95 percent, 21.45-27.70g, 21-30q/ha, respectively. In genotypes K3256, Avrodhi, KGD1296, KGD2021, K3256, K3256 of the varietal trail, lower husk percentage, broken percentage, and processing loss were identified, as well as greater nutritional elements such as protein content also identified.
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Sickle cell anemia patients can develop various crises due to various triggers, infections being one of them. In our tertiary care centre, we have observed that post covid, there has been a rise in the number of infections leading to crisis in sickle cell patients, presenting experience of managing such cases. Aims and objectives were to study the pattern of infections in sickle cell crisis admitted from June 2020 to October 2022, compare the data to pre-cand to study etiology, complications and outcome in these patients. The increase found in the number of sickle cell crises post covid and the worsening outcome of these patients is suspected to be related to increased susceptibility to other infections of the community post changes made in the immune machinery of the human body by the CORONA Virus itself.
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Seizures are incredibly widespread all around the world, today. A seizure is often described as a transient alteration in the electrical activity of the brain. This required the treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The majority of AEDs lower vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is found to be crucial for intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate which helps to build and mineralize bones. Vitamin D deficiency has been seen to be a causative reason for cerebral palsy which is a neurological illness that affects movement and muscle coordination, permanently. It has been observed to manifest in infancy or early childhood due to vitamin D deficiency due to long term use of AEDs making it severe due to malnourishment. This case reports the use of antiepileptic drugs leading to cerebral palsy due to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, by this case report we want to alert the readers and healthcare professionals about the possible adverse effects of AEDs and to be aware of them.
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Adverse cardiac remodeling refers to progressive structural and functional modifications in the heart because of increased wall stress in the myocardium, loss of viable myocardium, and neurohormonal stimulation. The guideline-directed medical therapy for Heart failure (HF) includes Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (sacubitril/valsartan), ?-blockers, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). ARNI is under-prescribed in India despite its attractive safety and efficacy profile. Therefore, the consensus discusses objectives and topics related to ARNI in the management of cardiac remodeling, and experts shared their views on the early timely intervention of effective dosage of ARNI to improve the diagnosis and enhance mortality and morbidity benefits in cardiac reverse remodeling (CRR).
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Fetal pleural effusion is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs when some amount of fluid surrounds the fetal lung without concomitant hydrops. It may remain the same or progress more. We present here a case of a 32-year-old lady with primary infertility who conceived naturally. She presented to us for her routine term pregnancy evaluation. At 17 weeks her targeted imaging for fetal anomalies (TIFFA) scan revealed left side severe fetal hydrothorax. Again at 29 weeks left pleural effusion was noted. A C-section was performed at 38th week of pregnancy and a male child weighing 2.995 grams was born, with no need for ventilator support.
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Background: The present study was conducted for evaluating Mannose Binding Lectin levels in hypertensive patients. Materials & Methods: The study included 100 hypertension cases and 100 controls who met the inclusion requirements. All subjects had 5 mL of blood drawn into serum tubes after an overnight fast. After letting the blood clot for 15 minutes at 3000 RPM, the serum was centrifuged out. For the mannose binding lectin test, 0.5 mL of serum had to be stored at - 20°C. ELISA technique was used for evaluating the serum mannose binding lectin levels. All the results were recorded on a Microsoft excel sheet followed by statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: The mean Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) in Cases was more (912.56 ± 43.51) as compared to Controls (612.18 ± 21.43) shows statistically significant. (By Un-paired T test; p>0.05). The above table shows the association of type (NYHA) of hypertension and MBL among cases. The mean MBL in Stage II was more (968.39 ± 46.41) as compared to Stage I (856.13 ± 40.56) shows statistically significant. (By Un- paired T test; p>0.05) Conclusion: The present study concludes that, high MBL levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and are high in the serum prior to the development of hypertensive symptoms.
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Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal disease in children, associated with high risk of death, most commonly from infections, if not identified and treated promptly. It is a disease that not only affects the physical health but also psychology of the child and that of the family and there is lack of information on nephrotic syndrome in children in a rural setup.Methods: This hospital based observational study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2021, in department of pediatrics in KIMS, Narketpally. A total of 40 eligible children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome between 3 months to 12 years were taken up for this study. Detailed information of the patient, including thorough history, clinical examination, investigations, response to treatment and complications of the disease were recorded in a pre-designed proforma and the data was analyzed.Results: It was observed that out of 40 subjects, the most common age group affected was 6-9 years (42.5%), majority of which were male children (72.5%). Most common presenting symptom was edema seen in 100% patients, followed by oliguria in 50%. Most common complication noted was ascites (62.5%) followed by hypertension (42.5%). UTI was observed in 52.5% of cases. 75% of the patients were newly diagnosed and 25% were relapses.Conclusions: In the present study, clinical and demographic profile of nephrotic syndrome was congruent with nephrotic syndrome in children in other studies. The response to treatment and associated complications did not differ significantly in a rural center when compared to other studies.