RESUMEN
Objective:To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on psychological rehabilitation in athletes. Methods:Literatures about mindfulness meditation for psychological rehabilitation of athletes were searched in Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed, Medline, OpenDissertations, Psychology Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Premier, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2019. The literature quality was evaluated, and the data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3. Results:Finally, 18 researches were included. The immediate effect size of mindfulness on psychological rehabilitation was medium to large (d = 0.69, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.86, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the follow-up effect of psychological rehabilitation between two groups (d = -0.08, 95%CI -0.33 to 0.16, P = 0.50). The immediate effect of mindfulness was significantly moderated by research quality (I2 = 88.1%, P = 0.004). Conclusion:Mindfulness could improve mood, promote flow, improve acceptance of negative experiences, improve the ability to act on the goal, and increase training investment for athletes, which is moderated by research quality.