RESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive tract and seriously threatens the life of patients due to a high incidence rate， a high degree of malignancy， strong invasion and metastasis， and poor prognosis. At present， the main methods for the prevention and treatment of HCC include drugs， surgery， and interventional treatment， but all of these methods have certain adverse reactions and side effects. As an important intracellular signal transduction pathway in the human body， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway mainly exerts an anti-HCC effect by regulating cell invasion， metastasis， proliferation， growth， apoptosis， autophagy， angiogenesis， inflammation/immune response， iron metabolism， and drug resistance. Therefore， targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of the development and progression of HCC. Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of multiple targets， pathways， components， and levels in the treatment of HCC， and many cell or animal experiments on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC have shown that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an important target for the prevention and treatment of HCC， with the effects of improving liver function， reducing HCC recurrence， and improving immunity. Based on this， this article analyzes the mechanism of action of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HCC， as well as the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， traditional Chinese medicine extracts， and traditional Chinese medicine compounds on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and treatment of HCC and the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.
RESUMEN
Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological reparative response of the liver to chronic injury and a crucial step in the progression of chronic liver disease， characterized mainly by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and diffuse deposition of extracellular matrix. Currently， there is no ideal specific drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. In recent years， with the development and progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of liver fibrosis， TCM has been widely recognized for its significant therapeutic effect and fewer adverse reactions. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is an important pathway that affects the formation and development of liver fibrosis. It mainly plays a role in liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells， promoting their apoptosis， reducing oxidative stress in liver cells， decreasing the deposition of extracellular matrix， and enhancing liver cell autophagy. This article summarized the mechanisms by which Chinese medicinal monomers regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to exert their effects on liver fibrosis and their synergistic effects with other signaling pathways， providing a theoretical basis and references for the development of new drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM.
RESUMEN
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear, and currently no effective drugs have been approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Polygonum cuspidatum is a natural traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application, and studies have shown that it plays an important role in the treatment of NAFLD. This article summarizes related research findings in the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum applied in the treatment of NAFLD, and it is found that the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum can improve insulin resistance, exert an anti-oxidative stress effect, regulate lipid metabolism, improve endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alleviate inflammatory infiltration by regulating the signaling pathways including Nrf2, AMPK, NF-κB, SIRT1, and PPARα, thereby exerting a preventive and therapeutic effect on NAFLD, so as to provide a basis and ideas for developing drugs for NAFLD and exploring related mechanisms.