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Objective To explore the mechanism of spontaneous seizures in adaptor protein complex type 3B knockout mice(AP3M2KO mice).Methods AP3M2KO mice were generated.Seizures and electroencephalogram(EEG)were monitored using video camera and telemetry system.Glutamate and GABA releases were determined using in vivo microdialysis method.Results AP3M2KO mice began to suffer from spontaneous seizures 8 weeks after the birth,but did not show any other behavior abnormality.The onset of ictal discharge over the temporal region was synchronized with seizures.There were no significant differences in basal glutamate and GABA releases in hippocampus between AP3M2KO((0.35±0.08)pmol/20μl and(2.94±1.69)fmol/20μl,respectively)and wild-type mice.However,the 50 mmol/L K+-evoked GABA release was impaired in AP3M2KO mice((63.5±11.8)fmol/20μl vs(209.2±63.7)fmol/20 μl,t=4.405,P＜0.05),whereas no significant difference was found in K+-evoked glutamate release.Conclusions AP3M2KO mice suffer from epileptic seizures similar to the clinical features of human epilepsy.The impairment of inhibitory GABAergic transmission iS involved in the mechanism of spontaneous seizures in AP3M2KO mice.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of tension-free vaginal tape(TVT) procedure in the treatment with elder female stress incontinence(SUI). Methods Six patients with proven SUI were undergone the TVT with SPRAC. Results Six patients were operated under low spinal anesthesia. Mean operation time was 31.6 minutes and the mean blood loss was 36.2 ml. Five patients were able to micturate spontaneously within 24 hours after operation. One patient with fatty and vaginal colpoptosis was in-dwelling catheter for one week. Patients were followed-up for 10-28 months. Five patients were completely cured and one patient was failed after operation three months. Two patients were de novo urgency. One patient complained of persistent suprapubic discomfort. Conclusions The tension-free vaginal tape operation is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence with fatty vaginal colpoptosis in elderly females.