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Background Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can disrupt the metabolic homeostasis of the liver and accelerate the progression of liver diseases, but there are few studies on the effects of sub-chronic PM2.5 exposure on the liver metabolome. Objectives To investigate the effects of sub-chronic exposure to concentrated PM2.5 on hepatic metabolomics in mice by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and to identify potentially affected metabolites and metabolic pathways. Methods Twelve male C57BL/6J (6 weeks old) mice were randomly divided into two groups: a concentrated PM2.5 exposure group and a clean air exposure group. The mice were exposed to concentrated PM2.5 using the "Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System" at Fudan University. The exposure duration was 8 h per day, 6 d per week, for a total of 8 weeks. The mice's liver tissues were collected 24 h after the completion of exposure. LC-MS was performed to assess changes in the hepatic metabolome. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and t-test were employed to identify differentially regulated metabolites between the two groups under the conditions of variable important in projection (VIP)≥1.0 and P<0.05. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results A total of 297 differentially regulated metabolites were identified between the concentrated PM2.5 exposure group and the clean air group. Among these metabolites, 142 were upregulated and 155 were downregulated. A total of 38 metabolic pathways were altered, with 7 pathways showing significant perturbation (P<0.05). These pathways involved amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, as well as cofactor and vitamin metabolism. The 7 significant metabolic pathways were pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis; purine metabolism; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and fructose and mannose metabolism. Conclusion The results from metabolomics analysis suggest that sub-chronic exposure to PM2.5 may disrupt hepatic energy metabolism and induce oxidative stress damage. Aspartic acid, succinic acid, ornithine, fumaric acid, as well as purine and xanthine derivatives, were identified as potential early biomarkers of hepatic response to sub-chronic PM2.5 exposure.
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Objective: To quantitatively evaluate myocardial work in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis by using left ventricular pressure-strain loop. Methods: 70 cases with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from March to December 2020 were selected as the study group. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the Child-Pugh score of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A, B, and C groups: 25, 25, and 20 patients, respectively). At the same time, 25 healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global myocardial work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), global constructive work (GCW), and global wasted work (GWW) were obtained by applying pressure-strain loops. The differences were analyzed and compared among the four groups parameters. Results: Compared with the control group, the Child-Pugh class A group had decreased GLS, while Child-Pugh class B and C had decreased GLS, GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh class A group, Child-Pugh class B group had decreased GLS, GWE, and increased GWW, while Child-Pugh class C group had decreased GLS,GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with Child-Pugh class B group, Child-Pugh class C group had decreased GLS, GWI, GWE, GCW, and increased GWW, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pressure-strain loop can detect early myocardial dysfunction, and has a certain value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of myocardial function changes in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.
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Humanos , Hepatitis B , Cirrosis Hepática , Miocardio , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI image findings of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma(IMCC) and pathologic differentiation.Methods The CT and (or) MRI features of ninety-five patients with IMCC proved by pathologic examination were retrospectively reviewed.Sixty-five patients underwent multiphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan, twenty-nine underwent multiphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scan and ten patients underwent multiphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI examination simultaneously.According to the case history and laboratory examination, patients were divided into groups: with chronic hepatitis and without chronic hepatitis and according to the maximum diameter of the tumor, they were divided into＜3 cm, 3 to 6 cm and＞6 cm groups.The imaging features of tumor enhancement were reviewed among groups.The pathologic results and imaging features were compared and patients were divided into well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated groups.Analyzed by Chi-square test, the difference of tumor enhancement between groups were analyzed.Results The patterns of multiphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI in IMCC patients had five types: type 1:60 cases, peripheral rim and (or) separating enhancement during artery phase, followed by centripetal enhancement progressively and(or) separating enhancement in the equilibrium phase;type 2:11 cases, peripheral rim enhancement in the artery phase and hypointensity (hypoattenuating) during equilibrium phase with central nodular enhancement;type 3:15 cases, no enhancement in the arterial phase and internal heterogeneous enhancement during equilibrium phase;type 4: 6 cases, heterogeneous enhancement in the early phase and wash-out during equilibrium phase;type 5 : 3 cases, no enhancement throughout dynamic enhancement.The results showed that in hepatitis group type1 to 5 had 31, 7, 12, 5 and 1 cases and without hepatitis group had 29, 4, 3, 1 and 2 cases.There was no statistical significance between groups(x2=3.567,P=0.059).The maximum diameter＜3 cm group(28 cases) had 9, 8, 6, 3 and 2 case which showed enhancement type1 to 5;3 to 6 cm group(40 cases) had 27, 2, 7, 3 and 1 cases and＞6 cm group(27 cases) had 24, 1, 2, 0 and 0 cases.There was significant difference in groups(x2=19.582,P＜0.01).Pathological well differentiated and moderately differentiated groups(40 cases) had 24, 7,6, 2 and 1 cases presented enhancement type 1 to 5 and poorly differentiated group(55 cases) had 36, 4, 9, 3 and 3 cases.There was no statistical difference in three differentiated groups(x2=0.296,P=0.586).Conclusions CT and MRI enhancement patterns of IMCC are presented with diversity.The imaging features are associated with focus size and had no relationship with pathological differentiated degree.
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Objective To investigate CT findings of hepatic necrosis and regeneration after liver failure.Methods Five patients with liver failure underwent CT scan before orthotopic liver transplantation.These findings were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with gross specimen and pathologic findings obtained after transplantation.Results Among 5 cases,the CT appearances of liver failure can be divided into 3 types.(1)Massive confluent aggregate foci in 2 patients demonstrated low attenuation and high attenuation as geographical patlerns on CT scans before contrast enhancement.respectively.The histopathological liver changes showed massive necrosis and regencratinn. Regions of necrosis enhanced to attenuation greater than that of normal liver parenchyma in portal-venous phase,the regions of regeneration enhanced to attenuation greater than that of normal liver parenchyma in arterial phase on postcontrast CT images.(2)In 2 patients,diffuse nodules of liver demonstrated high attenuation on plain CT scans,which was nodular necrosis and nodular regeneration pathologically.All enhanced to attenuation greater than that of normal liver parenchyma in arterial phase.The former showed hypointensity in portal-venous phase and equilibrium phase.The latter enhanced to attenuation equal to that of normal liver parenchyma in portalvenous phase and equilibrium phase on postcontrast CT images.(3)Multiple small foci in 1 case demonstrated low attenuatiun on precontrast CT images and enhanced to hyperintensity in portal-venous phase and isointensity in arterial phase and equilibrium phase on postcontrast CT images.The histopathological liver changes showed multiple necrosis.Conclusion Liver failure may reveal characteristic imaging patterns at CT.
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Objective To evaluate the pulmonary imaging features in patients with severe or critical severe A H1N1 influenza. Methods Clinical and imaging findings of 18 cases with H1N1 pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups including severe group (n=11) and critical group (n=7). Results Among the severe group, bilateral ill-defined nodules and patch shadows were found in 8 cases, local ill-defined patchy was shown in 3 cases, and consolidation of right inferior lung was demonstrated by CT scan in 1 case. Among the critical group, diffuse ground-glass attenuation with partial consolidation were found in bilateral lungs of 4 cases, subcutaneous emphysema was observed in 1 case. CT showed diffuse ground-glass attenuation and nodular like consolidation in bilateral inferior lungs in 1 case, and other 3 cases showed diffuse consolidation of bilateral lungs. Conclusions The radiologic findings of severe and critical severe pulmonary infections with H1N1 include ill-defined nodules and patch shadows of bilateral lung in sever patients, diffuse peribronchial ground-glass opacity and multifocal consolidation in critical severe patients. The radiologists should learn the features of H1N1 pneumonia on thoracic plain film and CT to make diagnosis in time.