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species and their corresponding medicinal slices have been extensively used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in many Asian countries. However, it is extremely difficult to identify species based on their morphological and chemical features. In this study, the plastomes of were used as a model system to investigate the hypothesis that plastomic mutational hotspot regions could provide a useful single nucleotide variants (SNVs) resource for authentication studies. We surveyed the plastomes of 17 species, including the newly sequenced plastome of . A total of 19 SNVs that could be used for the authentication of were detected. On the basis of this comprehensive comparison, we identified the four most informative hotspot regions in the plastome that encompass to , to , to and to . Furthermore, to established a simple and accurate method for the authentication of and its medicinal slices, a total of 127 samples from 20 species including their corresponding medicinal slices (Fengdous) were used in this study. Our results suggest that and its medicinal slices can be rapidly and unequivocally identified using this method that combines real-time PCR with the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS).
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Owing to its great medicinal and ornamental values, is frequently adulterated with other species on the market. Unfortunately, the utilization of the common DNA markers ITS, ITS2, and + is unable to distinguish from 5 closely related species of it (, , , and ). Here, we compared 63 plastomes comprising 40 newly sequenced plastomes of the 6 species and 23 previously published plastomes. The plastomes of and its closely related species were shown to have conserved genome structure and gene content. Comparative analyses revealed that small single copy region contained higher variation than large single copy and inverted repeat regions, which was mainly attributed to the loss/retention of genes. Furthermore, the intraspecific sequence variability among different species was shown to be diversified, which necessitates a cautious evaluation of genetic markers specific for different species. By evaluating the maximum likelihood trees inferred from different datasets, we found that the complete plastome sequence dataset had the highest discriminatory power for and its closely related species, indicating that complete plastome sequences can be used to accurately authenticate species.
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Objective To investigate the difference of leucorrhea routine tests results among 3 periods of pregnancy in pregnant women.Methods Vaginal cleanliness,the presence of clue cells,trichomonas and fungi were tested for 3 103 obstetric outpatients who were pregnant and treated in the hospital.The test results were analyzed and compared.Results Among pregnant women in different periods of pregnancy,the difference in the proportion of vaginal cleanliness degree Ⅲ and fungal infection rates were statis-tically significant(P <0.05).Among pregnant women of different pregnant periods with vaginal cleanliness degree Ⅱ,difference of fungi infection rate was statistically significant(P <0.05).Among pregnant women of different pregnant periods with vaginal clean-liness degree Ⅳ,the difference of positive rates of fungi,trichomonas and clue cells were statistically significant(P <0.05).In addi-tion,there are a number of mixed infections.Conclusion Vaginitis during pregnancy should be early detected,diagnosed and trea-ted.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Na+/H + exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) during ischemia-reperfusion (IR)in rat lung tissue and determine whether cariporide preconditioning protects lung from inflammatory injury via inhibiting NHE-1 protein expression.Methods Twenty i-solated perfused lungs were randomly divided into 4 groups:the lungs in control group (group C) were continuously perfused for 120 min;the lungs in group IR were subjected to 30 min perfusion, followed by 60 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion;in group LiCl preconditioning,the lungs were preconditioned with LiCl for 30 min,then continuously perfused for 90 min;in cariporide precondi-tioning+IR (CIR)group,the lungs were preconditioned with cariporide for 30 min,following 60 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion.After reperfusion,the NHE-1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and the histopathologic change and pathology scores were ascertained from HE sections.Results The NHE-1 protein expression in lung tissue in groups IR and LiCl were signifi-cantly increased compared with groups C and CIR (P <0.05),and there was no difference between groups C and CIR.Histological examination revealed marked inflammatory changes in groups IR and LiCl,whereas no significant changes in lungs of groups C and CIR.The pathology score of lung in groups IR and LiCl were higher than that in groups C and CIR (P <0.05),and there was no differ-ence between the last two groups.Conclusion IR results in an increased NHE-1 protein expression in rat isolated perfused lung,and the selective NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide could repress the NHE-1 pro-tein expression,thereby decrease the lung inflammatory injury after IR.