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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy rate, vascular endothelial relaxation factor NO and safety of five different Chinese patent medicines combined with western medicine in the treatment of coronary microvascular disease (CMVD).Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Shexiang Baoxin Pills, Tongxinluo Capsules, Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules, and Xinkeshu Tablets combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of CMVD were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Academic Journal Database (Wanfang Data), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (Chongqing VIP), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), PubMed, Cochrance Library and Embase databases from the establishment of the database to June 2022. The literature was imported and screened by EndNote software, and the risk quality of literature bias was evaluated by Revman 5.4 software. StataSE16 (64-bit) software was used for reticular meta analysis to compare the differences in clinical efficacy and drug safety of five proprietary Chinese medicines combined with western medicine.Results:A total of 24 RCT studies were included, 24 of which were double-arm studies, and five kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine combined with western medicine were compared. The results of reticular meta analysis: in terms of improving the clinical effective rate, the order of the five proprietary Chinese medicine combination groups was as follows: Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group > Shexiang Baoxin Pills group > Tongxinluo Capsules group > Xinkeshu Tablets group > Compound Danshen Dripping Pills group. In terms of regulating vasodilation factor NO, the order of the four proprietary Chinese medicine combination groups is as follows: Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group > Compound Danshen Dripping Pills group > Tongxinluo Capsules group > Shexiang Baoxin Pills group. In terms of safety, there were 3 reports of adverse reactions in the research literature of the five proprietary Chinese medicines.Conclusions:The clinical efficacy rate of five kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine combined with western medicine routine regimen is better than that of western medicine routine regimen alone, and the combination group of four kinds of proprietary Chinese medicine is superior to western medicine in regulating vasodilation factor NO, and Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules group is superior in clinical efficacy rate and regulation of vasodilation factor NO. However, the quality and samples of this study are different, and the comparison of the curative effect of the combined group of proprietary Chinese medicine still needs a large sample and high-quality RCT study to demonstrate.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide with polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation.Methods:From September 2021 to February 2022, 240 patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, Third People′s Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University and underwent colonoscopy were selected. According to the random number table, in the ratio of 1 to 1, the patients were divided into the linaclotide with polyethylene glycol group and the simple polyethylene glycol group, with 120 cases in each group. The patients in the linaclotide with polyethylene glycol group took 580 μg linaclotide and 2 L polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder solution, and the patients in the simple polyethylene glycol group took 3 L polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder solution. The Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS) score, the detection rate of polyps or adenomas, the insertion time of colonoscopy, the withdrawal time of colonoscopy, the time of the first defecation, the frequency of defecations, the success rate of cecal intubation, the occurrence of adverse effects and the satisfaction rate of patients were compared between the 2 groups. Independent sample t test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 235 patients completed bowel preparation and accepted colonoscopy. There were no statistically significant differences in the BBPS score, the detection rate of polyps or adenomas, the insertion time of colonoscopy, the withdrawal time of colonoscopy, the success rate of cecal intubation and the frequency of defecations between the linaclotide with polyethylene glycol group and simple polyethylene glycol group(7.3±1.1 vs. 7.0±1.2; 58.1%, 68/117 vs. 60.2%, 71/118; 38.5%, 45/117 vs. 39.8%, 47/118; (4.2±1.9) min vs.(4.3±1.6) min; (5.9±2.7) min vs.(6.2±2.4) min; 100.0%, 117/117 vs. 100.0%, 118/118; 5.3±2.3 vs. 5.1±2.7; all P>0.05). The rate of adverse effects of the linaclotide with polyethylene glycol group was lower than that of simple polyethylene glycol group(25.6%, 30/117 vs. 39.8%, 47/118), the satisfaction rate of patients was higher than that of the simple polyethylene glycol group (93.2%, 109/117 vs. 76.3%, 90/118), and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=0.24 and 0.64, P=0.018 and 0.031). Conclusion:Compared with the 3 L polyethylene glycol regimen, 580 g linaclotide with 2 L polyethylene glycol regimen can achieve the same bowel preparation effect with higher safety and patient satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yinzhihuang oral liquid on mice with high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6J female mice were divided into normal diet group, high-fat diet group and Yinzhihuang oral liquid group, with six mice in each group. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, oil red O staining and Masson staining, pathological scores of liver biopsy slices were calculated. Plasma levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were tested. The composition of bile acid in mouse ileum content were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which included tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and cholic acid. The expression of farnesoid Ⅹ receptor ( FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 ( FGF15), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 ( FGFR4) genes at mRNA and protein levels and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 27a1, CYP7b1, CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. T test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The levels of plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, ALT and AST of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were all lower than those of the high-fat diet group ((1.47±0.07) mmol/L vs. (1.90±0.13) mmol/L, (2.57±0.17) mmol/L vs. (6.84±0.23) mmol/L, (0.88±0.22) mg/dL vs. (2.06±0.25) mg/dL, (28.43±3.16) U/L vs. (87.15±23.27) U/L, (147.40±8.47) U/L vs. (289.00±12.66) U/L, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.90, 15.19, 4.31, 2.50 and 9.58, all P<0.05). The scores of adiposis and ballooning of hepatocytes of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were lower than those of the high-fat diet group (1.00±0.26 vs. 2.33±0.33, 0.33±0.21 vs. 1.17±0.31, respectively), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=3.90 and 4.90, both P<0.05). The levels of FXR antagonistic bile acids TβMCA and UDCA in ileal contents of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were both higher than those of high-fat diet group ((4.95±0.68) nmol/g vs. (2.64±0.15) nmol/g, (7.86±1.84) nmol/g vs. (2.22±0.38) nmol/g, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.92 and 2.99, both P<0.05). The level of FXR agonistic bile acid cholic acid of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were lower than that of the high-fat diet group ((4.69±0.46) nmol/g vs. (21.66±3.25) nmol/g), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.14, P<0.05). The expression of FXR, FGF15 in ileal tissues and FGFR4 in hepatic tissues at mRNA and protein levels of Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were all lower than those of the high-fat diet group (1.86±0.40 vs. 4.25±0.70, 9.99±2.82 vs. 75.17±23.41, 4.76±0.63 vs. 12.66±1.39, 2.20±0.14 vs. 5.30±0.25, 1.15±0.05 vs. 3.05±0.16 and 1.73±0.09 vs. 2.37±0.21, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.56, 2.76, 4.87, 10.90, 10.96 and 2.94, all P<0.05). The levels of CYP27a1 and CYP7b1 in the alternative pathway of bile acid synthesis in Yinzhihuang oral liquid group were both higher than those in the high-fat diet group (2.13±0.33 vs. 0.50±0.09 and 2.95±0.60 vs. 0.37±0.19), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.22 and 3.20, both P<0.05). But the expression level of CYP8b1 in the Yinzhihuang oral liquid group was lower than that in the high-fat diet group (2.38±0.41 vs. 8.63±2.20), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.80, P<0.05). Conclusion:Yinzhihuang oral liquid can reduce NAFLD by promoting bile acid synthesis through changing the components of intestinal bile acids in mice and inhibiting FXR-FGF15 signal pathway.
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Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Diabetes,Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia(DHL) Knowledge Instrument in community diabetic patients.Methods A face-to-face interview was conducted among 513 patients with diabetes in the community from January to March 2016 by using the Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument.Forty of them were randomly sampled and reinvestigated 4 weeks later.The analyses on Cronbach's α coefficient,test-retest reliability,content validity,discriminant validity and construct validity were performed to evaluate reliability and validity of the DHL Knowledge Instrument.Results The qualified questionnaires were collected from 488 participants,including 232 males and 256 females with a mean age of (66 ± 6)years.The overall scores of the Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument was 67.7 ± 18.0 and the scores of diabetes,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,medications and general issues sub-scales were 82.0 ± 22.5,65.9 ± 25.2,38.2 ± 34.3,75.5 ± 20.8 and 72.1 ± 22.9,respectively.The standardized Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.849 and the test-retest reliability of the total scale was 0.706 (P ＜ 0.01).In term of content validity,the correlation coefficient was from 0.580 to 0.827 among total scale and sub-scales (P ＜ 0.01).In term of discriminant validity,the difference between the high and the low score group on total scale and sub-scales were significant (t value =-13.486 to-35.528,all P ＜ 0.01).In term of construct validity,based on exploratory factor analysis,the scale was revised.According to confirmatory factor analysis of revised scale,four factor model containing 20 items was well fitted (X2 =159.689,df =134,P =0.064);the GFI (goodness of fit index) =0.966,AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index) =0.952,RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) =0.020.Conclusion The Chinese version of DHL Knowledge Instrument possesses good reliability and validity and is suitable to evaluate the knowledge of community diabetic patients,and the modified version may work better than the original one.
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Knowledge-attitude-practice model is widely used in the self-management of type-2 diabetes.Through proper education,patients can gain diabetic knowledge as well as positive attitude on glucose control.By regulating diet,exercise,self glucose monitoring and medication compliance,diabetic patients are able to control blood glucose more effectively,and have less complications and higher quality of life.Researches on the application and effectiveness of various diabetic knowledge,attitude and self-management behavior scales are reviewed in this article.
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Objective To survey the status of knowledge and management capability on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among general practitioners (GPs) in community health service centers (CHCs) of Shanghai.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 152 GPs from 6 CHCs in 3 districts of Shanghai during May 2015 and March 2016.Results In the current survey,138 (90.8％) valid questionnaires of DKD knowledge and 152 (100.0％) valid questionnaires of DKD management capability were retrieved.The overall accuracy rate of DKD knowledge was 60.2％ (1 246/2 070);the accurate rates of epidemiology,diagnosis,treatment,and community management knowledge were 62.7％ (173/276),62.8％ (520/828),60.6％ (502/828)and 35.5％ (49/138),respectively.There were significant differences in accuracy rates of treatment related questions among GPs with different years of working (P =0.032 2);but no significant differences were observed in accuracy rates of 4 aspects related questions among GPs with different education and professional title (P ＞0.05).Among 152 participants,113 (74.3％) responded to conduct DKD screening in clinic work;97(63.8％) chose renal function,86 (56.6％) chose urine routine and 86 (56.6％) chose urinary microalbumin for screening,respectively.The top three answers to "how to intervene patients with DKD" were blood glucose control(107,70.4％),medication of ACEI or ARB (77,50.7％),and high-quality low protein diet (68,44.7％).Conclusion The knowledge and management capability on DKD among GPs in CHCs are insufficient.The capability of diagnosis and treatment of DKD should be improved by joint efforts of GPs,trainers,and community health administrators.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of astragalus injection combined with puerarin injection on endo-plasmic reticulum stress through PERK pathway in diabetic nephropathy mice .METHODS: Male KKAy mice were ran-domly divided into model group ( injected with normal saline ) and treatment group ( injected with astragalus and puerarin ) . The male C57BL/6J mice served as normal group .The mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after treatments for observing morpho-logical changes under electron microscope .The renal tissues were collected to determine the expression of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase ( PERK ) , eukaryotic initiation factor 2α( eIF2α) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Under electron microscope, the renal tubular epithelial cells in model group and treatment group showed the swelling of the nucleus , endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria .The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of PERK , eIF2αand GRP78 at mRNA and protein levels in model group was higher than that in normal group (P<0.05), while that in treatment group was lower than that in model group .CONCLUSION: Astragalus injection combined with puerarin injection reduces the mRNA and protein expression of PERK , eIF2αand GRP78, thus inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress in type 2 dia-betic mice to protect the kidney function .
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Objective To investigate the potential application of a non-viral gene carrier , TAT-LK15 , for delivering nNOSsiRNAin vivo and to study whether TAT-LK15/siRNA can be a new treatment method for chronic inflammatory pain. Method TAT-LK15 was complexed with nNOSsiRNA or scrambled control siRNA. The expression of nNOS was determined in SCDH of chronic inflammatory pain rats by western-blot assay. Pain control efficacy was evaluated by mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal duration (TWD) assays. Results nNOS protein expression was efficiently inhibited by intrathecal injection of TAT-LK15/siRNA complexes , with the reduction of nNOS protein by 52%. Moreover , injection of TAT-LK15/siRNA com-plexes significantly could decrease MWT , but increase TWD in rats with chronic inflammatory pain. Conclusions TAT-LK15 can efficiently deliver nNOSsiRNAin vivo and nNOSsiRNA can relieve chronic inflammatory pain in rats.
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OBJECTIVE@#To examine the changes of metabolites in the bilateral thalamus of patients with secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure (SGTCS) and to explore the mechanism of SGTCS.@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with SGTCS (epilepsy group) and 30 matched healthy controls (control group) were examined by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine phosphocreatine (Cr-PCr), and myo-inositol (mI) of the bilateral thalamus were measured in both the epilepsy group and the control group. The ratios of NAA/Cr-PCr, NAA/(Cr-PCr+Cho), Cho/Cr-PCr and mI/Cr-PCr were compared and analyzed in the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#The ratios of NAA/Cr-PCr, and NAA/(Cr-PCr+Cho)(1.7074 ± 0.2214; 0.9333 ± 0.2173) in the left thalamus in the epilepsy group were significantly lower than those in the control group(1.8834 ±0.2093; 1.1243 ±0.2447)(P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is neuronal dysfunction in the bilateral thalamus in the epilepsy group. Abnormal changes of the bilateral thalamus are involved in the mechanism of SGTCS.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Ácido Aspártico , Química Encefálica , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Colina , Metabolismo Energético , Fisiología , Epilepsia Generalizada , Metabolismo , Epilepsia Tónico-Clónica , Metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Métodos , Tálamo , MetabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of KLK1 gene and cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han population.@*METHODS@#We enrolled 273 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 140 normal people. The SNPs (including rs3212855 and rs5515) of KLK1 gene were analyzed by Snapshot method and direct sequencing.@*RESULTS@#We found rs5515 was not a polymorphic site in Changsha Han population. Genotype and allele frequency in rs3212855 were not different between patients with cerebral hemorrhage and the controls (P>0.05). The blood pressure level was not different between the genotype subgroups.@*CONCLUSION@#Neither rs5515 nor rs3212855 is associated with cerebral hemorrhage.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Hemorragia Cerebral , Genética , China , Etnología , Genotipo , Calicreínas , Genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , GenéticaRESUMEN
Objective To compare the fluorescence intensity and duration of qdots streptavidin conjugate (QDs-SA) with Cy3 as the molecular probe of β amyloid precursor protein (APP), and to provide evidence for early molecular imaging and diagnosis of Alzheimer's dissease (AD). Methods With the help of laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry, the flurescence probe based on the QDs-SA was used to detect APP in HEK293 cells stably transfected pcDNA3.1/APP, and to compare with conventional fluroimmunoassay Cy3. Results The immunofluorescence staining detection indicated APP expression was mainly located in the plasma membrane. The mean fluorescence intensity of QDs-SA (34.2336±4.2455) was greater than that of Cy3 (21.6023±3.0102)under the confocal fluorescence microscope (P<0.05). After persistent exciting for 12 min, the fluorescence intensity of APP stained by QDs-SA decreased by 27.87%. The other stained by Cy3 decreased by 79.60%. The positive rate of APP staining had no significant difference between the QDs-SA(54.4700±3.4433)% and Cy3 (54.3800±8.5229)% by flow cytometry, but the mean fluorescence intensity had statistical significance(P<0.05). The QDs-SA (1 045.4167±47.3623) was significantly higher than the mean fluorescence intensity of Cy3 (658.5467±55.0591). Conclusion QDs-SA fluorescence probes can effectively recognize APP and are sensitive and exceptionally photostable, suggesting that QDs-SA fluorescence probes could be a potential method in APP detection and offer a novel way for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Objective To identify the differences of 3D geometry of internal carotid artery (ICA)siphon between the controls and patients with ICA siphon stenosis. Methods The clinical and imaging data of the inpatients underwent carotid artery MRA in the past three years were collected. All patients were divided into the control group ( 17 males and 14 females with mean age of 67. 5 years) and ICA siphon stenosis group (20 males and 9 females with mean age of 58.6 years). There were 5 smokers and 9 smokers in two groups, respectively. The atherosclerotic predisposing factors were compared between the two groups using chi-square test and paired t-test. In order to extract the 3D geometry of ICA siphon, the MRA data were transferred to PC and processed with the software of Mimics. The average curvature radius (ACR) was calculated and paired t-test was applied to determine the bilateral differences in the controls. According to the stenotic site of ICA siphon, ICA siphon stenosis group was divided into C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group. The differences of ACR among the control group, C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group were compared. In addition, the values of ACR in the stenotic and normal sides were compared with paired t-test in patients with unilateral C2 segment stenosis. Results No significant differences were found in gender and smoker between the control group and the ICA siphon stenosis group ( χ2 = 1.63, P ＞ 0. 05; χ2 = 1.86, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The systolic blood pressure was ( 146. 6 ± 21.3 ) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) and ( 140. 3 ± 17. 3) mm Hg respectively in the ICA siphon stenosis group and the control group. The serum glucose level was ( 5.94 ± 1.89 ) mmol/L and ( 6. 79 ± 3.57 ) mmol/L respectively in two groups. The serum cholesterol level and triglyceride level were (4. 57 ± 0. 87 ) mmol/L,( 1.34 ± 0. 63 ) mmol/L and (4. 75 ± 1.70) mmol/L, ( 1.54 ± 0. 72) mmol/L respectively in two groups.There were no differences in the atherosclerotic predisposing factors between two groups (t = 1.24, 1.16,0. 71 and 1.16 respectively,P＞ 0. 05). In the control group, the ACRs on the left and right were (3. 82 ±0. 69) mm and (4. 08 ± 1.04) mm respectively and no difference was found ( t = - 1.44, P ＞ 0. 05 ).Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there were significant differences among the controls, C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group ( χ2 = 6. 67, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The ACR was significantly different only between the controls and C2 segment stenosis group ( t = 2. 63, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The stenotic side had a tendency to have less ACR than the normal side (t =2. 09, P =0. 05) in patients with unilateral C2 segment stenosis. Conclusion Patients with smaller ACR are more susceptible to have the stenosis of C2 segment in ICA siphon, and 3D geometry may be a possible reason for the development of the ICA stenosis.
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Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP in childhood acute leukemia(AL).Methotis The expression of XIAP protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay in 54 children with AL.including 26 newly diagnosed and untreated AL children.23 children in remission and 5 relapsed.The eontrol included 10 children with normal bone marrow.Results The level of XIAP proteins in the bone marrow of newly diagnosed AL children was higher than that in remission and normal controls(P＜0.05),compared with that in relapsed children,with no statistical difference(P＞0.05).The level of XIAP protein in remission was higher than that in normal controls(P＜0.05).The level of XIAP protein in ALL and ANLL in newly diagnosed AL children was compared. with no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The higher expression of XIAP may contribute to the pathogenesis and the progress of the childhood AL.
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Objective To investigate the expression of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 in the hippocampus following SE in rats and to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of expression of XIAP and its negative regulators after SE. Methods The lithium-pilocapine model of status epilepticus was established in SD rat. XIAP, Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were examined using immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and activated easpase-3. Results XIAP immunoreactivity diffusely distributed within the neuron after SE. Compared with the control group, the expression of CA3 XIAP protein in the SE group was increased gradually since 2 hours (0.5503±0.0172 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=115.87, P<0.01), peaking at 8 hours (0.6221±0.0238 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=136.69, P<0.01). The expression of CA3 Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were increased generally following SE. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in Stoat, HtrA2, activated caspase-3 protein levels from 2 to 72 hours following SE, but no significant differences were seen in XIAP protein levels between the control group and the SE group. Conclusions The XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 are involved in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal damage after SE.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the relationship between human thymosin β4 (Tβ4 )expression and biological factors regarding invasion, metastasis and prognosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tβ4 expression was detected in samples of 76 paraffin-embedded specimens with the neighboring noncancerous tissue using anti-Tβ4 IgY antibody (primary antibody) by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between Tβ4 expression and the clinicopthological factors was analyzed by Chi-square test, multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In immunoreactive cells, staining was mainly located in cytoplasma. Human Tβ4 expression was high positive in lung cancer tissues (76.3%, 58/76) while low positive in normal lung tissues. Tβ4 expression was positively associated with TNM stage (r=0.239, P=0.032), lymphatic metastasis (r=0.243, P=0.029) and venous metastasis (r=0.224, P=0.045).A negative correlation was found between Tβ4 expression and cell differentiation (r=-0.368, P=0.002). Patients with high Tβ4 expression had a worse prognosis than those with low Tβ4 expression (P < 0.05)</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lung cancer has overexpression of Tβ4, which is closely related to TNM stages, cell differentiation, metastasis of the cancer and prognosis of the patients with lung cancer. Detection of Tβ4 expression in lung cancer tissues might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with lung cancer.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the relationship between human heparanase expression and biological factors regarding invasion, metastasis and prognosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of heparanase was assessed in 122 paraffin-embedded specimens and 38 freshly-taken tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. The relationship between heparanase expression and the clinicopathological factors was analyzed by Chi square test, multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the immunoreactive cells, staining was mainly located in cytoplasma and membrane. Human heparanase was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues (78.7%, 96/122) while negative in epithelia of normal lung tissues. The level of heparanase was remarkably higher in NSCLC than that in normal tissues ( P = 0.043 ). Expression of heparanase significantly correlated with TNM stage ( P =0.025), lymphatic metastasis ( P =0.002) and vascular invasion ( P =0.000 3). The patients with positive heparanase expression had a significantly shorter survival than those with negative heparanase expression ( P =0.000 6). In multivariate analysis, only p-TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis and vascular invasion could be considered as prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Heparanase might play an important role in the development, invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. It is indicated that patients with positive heparanase expression would have a greater chance of metastasis and a poorer prognosis. However, heparanase expression is not an independent prognostic factor.</p>
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Objective To investigate the preventive effects of curcumin for status epilepticus(SE) induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine.Methods Totally 45 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: preventive group(n=15),non-preventive group(n=15),and control group(n=15).The latency peroid and incidence of SE were recorded.The surviving neurons were stained by using nissl staining,and the programme death cells were detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) in hippocampal CA3.Results The SE incidence of preventive group was 66.7%,which was significantly lower than that of non-preventive group(P0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment of curcumin can prevent the SE induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine and the pretreatment can not protect the neuron.
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AIM: G protein-coupled inwardly rectifier potassium (GIRK) channel are distributed widely in mammalian brain. In CNS, GIRK 1/2 seems to be the predominant heterotetramers which play a pivot role in the regulation of the excitability of neurons and may contribute to the resting potential by leading to a hyperpolarization of membrane potential and reduction of the action potential frequency. In the context, the Weaver mouse is the first neurological abnormality directly linked to a genetic point mutation in the GIRK2 protein which includes spontaneous seizure. GIRK2 knock out mice showed normal development but more susceptible than normal mice to seizure induced by GABA antagonist. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein expression of GIRK subunit 2 is altered in kainic acid(KA)-induced epileptic rat hippocampus. METHODS: Rats were injected with kainate 14 mg/kg intraperitoneally to establish an acute and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy model. At chronic spontaneous seizure stage, by using of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, the GIRK 1,2 mRNA and protein were analyzed quantitatively in the dentate gyreus, CA1, CA3 regions of hippocampus. RESULTS: GIRK1,2 mRNA and proteins were expressed abundantly in all regions of hippocampus. KA induced seizures and caused a significant increase in GIRK2 mRNA abundance and immunoreacitivity; only GIRK1 mRNA was increased significantly, but no difference was found by Western blotting protocol. CONCLUSION: GIRK1,2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of epileptic rat brain is up-regulated, which may be an adaptive response to over-excitability of neuron networks and prevent the over-excitability spread in hippocampus (DG-CA3-CA1). [
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Three cases of intestinal T cell lymphoma(ITCL) were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Clinically, most patients with ITCL were middle aged males with abdominal pain, hematochezia,fever and weight loss. The outcome of treatment was worse with an extremely poor prognosis. The pathologic changes appeared to be the formation of intestianl ulcer manifested with multiplicity of shape,multifocal and unregularities. Tumor cells under microscopy were various obviously with diffused infiltration and medium to large cells were seen frequently. ITCL was often misdiagnosed because of clinical rarity and lack of characteristic manifestations, so physicians must pay more attention to the research of clinicopathological data,immunohistochemical features and gene type, so as to make early and correct diagnosis.