The clinical characters and prognostic value of flare phenomenon in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with Abiterone / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characters and prognostic value of PSA flare and bone flare in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC) patients received Abiterone acetate(AA) therapy.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted for 93 mCRPC patients treated with AA from Jul.2016 to Dec.2020. Mean age was (75.4±8.9)years, median PSA was 58.2 (16.4, 148.6)ng/ml. Patients received at least 6 months of AA treatment. PSA flare was defined as an increase of PSA after AA therapy followed by a decrease. Bone flare was defined as disease progression after 3 months of therapy, typically based on increased lesion intensity or number, and reevaluation 6-9 months later showed improvement in the scan. The clinical characters and prognostic value of the flare phenomenon was evaluated and analyzed respectively.Results:The median follow up time was 16 months(6, 54 months), fourteen patients showed PSA flare at first month after AA treatment, and median time of duration was 2 months(1, 7 months). The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had a similar rising trend along with PSA flare[115.5(98.0, 198.5)U/L vs. 119.0(97.0, 288.8)U/L, P=0.016]. Seven patients showed bone flare and 3 cases co-existed with PSA flare. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated bone flare was an independent protective factor for progression free survival(PFS)( HR=0.117, 95% CI 0.015-0.895, P=0.039), PSA flare had no significant influence on PFS ( HR=1.314, 95% CI 0.554-3.121, P=0.536)and overall survival(OS)( HR=1.348, 95% CI 0.393-4.263, P=0.635). Log-rank test showed patients with bone flare had a longer PFS( P=0.016) and OS( P=0.047) compared with patients without bone flare. Conclusions:PSA flare always faded away after 2 months AA therapy and had no influence on PFS and OS. Bone flare maybe an indication for better prognosis.

Aristolochic acids exposure was not the main cause of liver tumorigenesis in adulthood

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have long been considered as a potent carcinogen due to its nephrotoxicity. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) reacts with DNA to form covalent aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts, leading to subsequent A to T transversion mutation, commonly referred as AA mutational signature. Previous research inferred that AAs were widely implicated in liver cancer throughout Asia. In this study, we explored whether AAs exposure was the main cause of liver cancer in the context of HBV infection in mainland China. Totally 1256 liver cancer samples were randomly retrieved from 3 medical centers and a refined bioanalytical method was used to detect AAI-DNA adducts. 5.10% of these samples could be identified as AAI positive exposure. Whole genome sequencing suggested 8.41% of 107 liver cancer patients exhibited the dominant AA mutational signature, indicating a relatively low overall AAI exposure rate. In animal models, long-term administration of AAI barely increased liver tumorigenesis in adult mice, opposite from its tumor-inducing role when subjected to infant mice. Furthermore, AAI induced dose-dependent accumulation of AA-DNA adduct in target organs in adult mice, with the most detected in kidney instead of liver. Taken together, our data indicate that AA exposure was not the major threat of liver cancer in adulthood.

Immune function status of children with cerebral palsy in plateau area and the influence of rehabilitation treatment / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To observe the body fluid and cellular immune function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the plateau area, as well as the exchanges of these factors during the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment.Methods:A total number of 144 children admitted to Xining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the CP group for comprehensive rehabilitation treatment (consecutive courses). The peripheral blood immunoglobulin/complement (IgA, IgG, lgM, C3, C4) level, T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) content was examined in the clinical specimens before and after treatment by using the immunoturbidimetry, flow cytometry, electrochemiluminescence analysis according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Gross Motor Function Test Scale (GMFM-88). Children were divided as the different degrees to evaluate the rehabilitation efficacy. A total number of 50 healthy children taken a health check/physical examinations during the same period were considered as the control group. For statistical Analysis, the χ2 test and independent sample t test were performed. Results:The levels of humoral immune IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 in CP Group [(6.42±1.05), (0.64±0.13), (0.89±0.13), (0.80±0.08), (0.17±0.03) g/L, respectively] in CP groups′ children were lower than those in the control group [(10.25±0.62), (1.04±0.06), (1.06±0.17), (1.04±0.04), (0.27±0.04) g/L, respectively]. The humoral immune IgG and IgA levels [severe (5.40±0.69) and (0.55±0.09)g/L, moderate (6.63±0.30) and (0.66±0.14)g/L, mild (7.57±0.63) and (0.74±0.09)g/L, P<0.05] were also related to the children with CP of different GMFCS grades. Moreover, the level of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) in the CP group were not statistically different to that in the control groups children. Receiving the rehabilitation treatment, the levels of serum humoral IgG and IgA in CP Group (7.69±1.14) and (0.79±0.17) g/L were significantly enhanced; whereas the serum NSE (12.82±2.49) μg/L was lower than that before treatment (18.57±3.08) μg/L, and the total score of GMFM-88 (121.35±26.51) was higher than that before treatment (101.04±27.62). The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). IgM, C3, C4 and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) had no significant difference compared with those before treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Children with CP at high altitude have abnormal humoral immune function. IgG and IgA may be related to the severity of CP and neuronal damage. Comprehensive rehabilitation can not only improve the motor function of children with CP, relieve neuronal damage, but also enhance their humoral immunity status.

Research progress in the relationship between the mitochondria-associated membranes and pathogen-induced inflammatory response / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are highly specialized subcellular regions composed of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane connected by proteins. They participate in several important cell events such as calcium homeostasis maintenance, cell apoptosis, lipid synthesis and utilization, and cell autophagy, and also provide a platform for antiviral signal transduction and Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly. Thus, MAMs play an important role in resisting pathogen infection. However, pathogens have evolved different coping strategies such as targeting MAMs to escape or antagonize host immune response, or regulating the functions of MAMs to facilitate infection. The most common reason of inflammatory response is pathogen infection. The disorder of acute inflammatory response usually leads to a series of chronic inflammatory diseases. This review summarized the relationship between the functions of MAMs and pathogen-induced inflammatory response.

Meta-analysis of posterior laminectomy and instrumented fusion versus laminoplasty in treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Many studies concern the comparison of posterior laminectomy and instrumented fusion and posterior laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the sample size of many studies has limitations. There is lack of objective evaluation on advantages and disadvantages of two surgical methods. OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of posterior laminectomy and instrumented fusion and laminoplasty in the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS:A systematic search of al the studies published was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMbase, the ISI Web of Knowledge Database, CMB, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases. Randomized and non-randomized control ed trials that compared between posterior laminectomy and instrumented fusion and laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy were identified. Meta-analyses were performed in postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, cervical range of motion, cervical curvature index, incidence of C5 nerve root paralysis and incidence of axial symptoms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Fourteen studies involving 1 024 patients were included. Among the patients, 519 underwent laminectomy and instrumented fusion and 505 underwent laminoplasty. (2) The results of the meta-analysis indicated that, compared with laminectomy and instrumented fusion group, laminoplasty group had advantages of a lower incidence of C5 palsy [RR=2.24, 95%CI(1.33,3.75), Z=3.05, P<0.05] and smal degree of cervical rotation injury [SMD=-0.71, 95%CI(-2.21,-1.2), Z=6.63, P<0.05]. However, the two groups had no statistical difference in postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, cervical curvature index and the incidence of axial symptoms. (3) These results suggested that both laminectomy and instrumented fusion and laminoplasty were demonstrated to be effective for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Laminoplasty had obvious advantages of decreasing the degree of cervical rotation injury and lowering incidence of C5 palsy. However, in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, the patient’s condition should be combined. The long-term clinical efficacy of the technology needs more clinical work to confirm.

Cancer cachexia and fat loss / 中国生化药物杂志

Cancer cachexia is a state of highly wasting in the terminal stages of cancer, which is characterized by the depletion of adipose tissue, muscle wasting and body weight loss.Loss of fat depots is more prominent than muscle wasting and often precedes.The enhancement of lipolysis, free fatty acids oxidation and white adipose tissue browning, the reduction of lipogenesis, lipid deposition and adipogenesisare important factors causing fat loss.Tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and zinc α2-glycoprotein are mediators involved in the process of depletion of adipose tissue, thus the drugs targetingthese mediators show a good promise for the treatment of cancer cachexia.The attention paid to the mechanism of depletion of adipose tissue contributes to the development of new therapeutic methods and drugs.

Diagnostic value of a modified dynamic salivary gland scintigraphy for Sj(o)gren's syndrome / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To establish a modified dynamic 99Tcm-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy(SGS) method,and to evaluate the value in the diagnosis of Sj(o)gren's syndrome(SS) by comparing SGS with labial gland biopsy (LGB).Methods A total of 204 patients (21 males,183 females,age range 20-85 years) with suspected SS who underwent the modified dynamic SGS and LGB were enrolled in this prospective study.Uptake ratio (UR) and excretion fraction (EF) of the left parotid gland (LPG),the right parotid gland (RPG),the left submandibular gland (LSG) and the right submandibular gland (RSG)were calculated.Two-sample t test was used for data analysis.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the modified dynamic SGS and LGB were calculated,and x2 test was used for data analysis.Results SS was confirmed in 113 patients,including 79 patients with primary SS and 34 patients with secondary SS.SS was excluded in 88 patients.The UR and EF of the SS group (LPG:1.95±1.04 and (52.2±19.5)％,RPG:1.96±1.06 and (55.0±21.1)％,LSG:2.65±1.12 and (25.9±14.1)％,RSG:2.72±1.30 and (29.7± 14.7) ％) were significantly lower than those of the non-SS group (LPG:3.08± 1.10 and (65.9± 12.7) ％,RPG:3.26±1.16 and (66.4±12.6)％,LSG:3.71±1.31 and (43.2±12.3)％,RSG:3.74±1.39 and (46.6± 11.5) ％;t=4.40-9.00,all P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of the modified dynamic SGS were 99.1％ (112/113),72.7％ (64/88),87.6％ (176/201),respectively,while those of LGB were 83.2％ (94/113),96.6％ (85/88),89.1％ (179/201),respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of SGS method were significantly different from those of LGB (x2 =15.9,17.5,both P＜0.05).Conclusions The modified dynamic SGS can reduce the acquisition time and has a high sensitivity for SS.When combined with LGB,it will improve the diagnostic accuracy for SS.

Expression and antitumor activity of fusion protein RGD-TRAIL in Pichia pastoris / 药学学报

To compare the activity of RGD-TRAIL in different expression systems, RGD-TRAIL in both Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Pichia pastoris was constructed and expressed. In vitro activity of RGD-TRAIL from Pichia pastoris expression system was also analyzed. Genetic engineering techniques were used to construct recombinant plasmid pET30-rgd-trail and pHBM-rgd-trail. The recombinant protein RGD-TRAIL was purified with Ni ion affinity chromatography after induction. MTT assay, ELISA, scratch wound healing, transwell migration assay and Hoechst 33342 staining were performed to detect the effects of RGD-TRAIL on proliferation, binding activity, migration and apoptosis. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was detected by Western blotting. Recombinant protein RGD-TRAIL was successfully expressed in a form of inclusion body in E.coli, while expressed secretorily in Pichia pastoris. It possessed more potent cytotoxicity than RGD-TRAIL in E.coli by MTT assay. The RGD-TRAIL expressed by Pichia pastoris showed powerful binding affinity with cancer cells expressing α(v), DR4, DR5 and highly potent cytotoxicity through inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. Nuclear fragmentation was examined by Hoechst 33342 staining. Cleaved PARP and caspase-3 were also detected after incubation with RGD-TRAIL. Additionally, RGD-TRAIL inhibited migration significantly in A549 and HT1080 cells. The results demonstrate that Pichia pastoris expression system is more suitable for the recombinant protein RGD-TRAIL. Its binding affinity and antitumor activity might make RGD-TRAIL a promising candidate for cancer therapy.

Diagnostic value of cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate estimation / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To investigate whether cystatin C-based prediction equations for GFR estimation are superior to SCr-based prediction equations.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight consecutive patients (85 males,113 females,average age 66.5 years) who underwent GFR measurement with 99TcmDTPA and serum cystatin C and SCr tests were included in this retrospective study.GFR,serum cystatin C and SCr concentrations were determined by the Gates method (measured GFR),the particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay,and the Jaffe method,respectively.Eight different equations (6 equations based on the serum cystatin C,and the other 2 based on SCr) were used to estimate GFR values,and the results were compared with that of the Gates method.Patients were divided into different groups according to the measured GFR (normalized to body surface area,1.73 m-2):normal renal function,mild,moderate or severe renal impairment groups.One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test were used to compare the estimated GFR,andx2 test was used to compare the diagnostic efficiencies of different GFR estimation equations.Results Among 198 patients,159 cases were with renal impairment (78 mild,58 moderate,23 severe),and the other 39 cases were with normal renal function.For patients with moderate or severe renal impairment,the estimated GFR calculated by the Tan formula was not different from the measured GFR (severe:(20.7±7.4) ml · min-1 vs (19.9±8.2) ml · min-1; F=6.75,t＜1.05; moderate:(42.1±14.4) ml· min-1 vs (46.8±9.2) ml· min-1; F=10.49,t＜1.63; both P＞0.05),and it had the least error compared with the measured GFR (severe:(12.3±7.0) ％ ; moderate:(17.9± 13.0) ％).For the patients with mild renal impairment and normal renal function,the estimated GFR calculated by the Tan formula was not valuable.For the diagnosis of renal impairment,the sensitivity and accuracy of the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula were 66.0％(105/159) and 71.2％(141/198),respectively,and those of the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula were 70.4％ (112/ 159) and 73.7％(146/198),respectively.The sensitivities and accuracies of the cystatin C-based formulas (≥83.6％ (133/159) and ≥79.3％(157/198),respectively) were higher than those of MDRD formula and CKD-EPI formula (x2 ≥23.50,all P＜0.01).For the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (including 81 patients with moderate and severe renal impairment),the sensitivities of cystatin C-based prediction equations (≥ 86.4％ (70/81)) were higher than those of the MDRD formula and the CKD-EPI formula (76.5％ (62/81),79.0％ (64/81)),but the accuracies were slightly lower (Tan formula:80.3％ (159/198),x2≥ 56.42,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The Tan formula may be more suitable for the GFR estimation than the MDRD formula and CKD-EPI formula in the patients with severe or moderate renal impairment (serum cystatin C≥ 1.55 mg/L),but it may not be reliable for the patients with mild renal impairment and normal renal function.

Cellular localization of NLRP3 inflammasome

Inflammasome is a large protein complex activated upon cellular stress or microbial infection, which triggers maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 through caspase-1 activation. Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most characterized inflammasome activated by various stimuli. However, the mechanism of its activation is unclear and its exact cellular localization is still unknown. We examined the potential co-localization of NLRP3 inflammasome with mitochondria and seven other organelles under adenosine triphosphate, nigericin or monosodium urate stimulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages using confocal microscopy approach. Our results revealed that the activated endogenous apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) pyroptosome forms in the cytoplasm and co-localizes with NLRP3 and caspase-1, but not with any of the organelles screened. This study indicates that the ASC pyroptosome universally localizes within the cytoplasm rather than with any specific organelles.

Negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that serve as a platform for caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation as well as pyroptosis. Though a number of inflammasomes have been described, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most extensively studied. NLRP3 inflammasome is triggered by a variety of stimuli, including infection, tissue damage and metabolic dysregulation, and then activated through an integrated cellular signal. Many regulatory mechanisms have been identified to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling at multiple steps. Here, we review the developments in the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome that protect host from inflammatory damage.

Molecular targets of tea polyphenols and its roles of anticancer drugs in experimental therapy / 药学学报

Tea polyphenols (TPs), major biological active constituents of green tea, exert moderate and selective anticancer effects. Molecular mechanisms of TPs in cancer prevention and treatment involve multiple potential molecular targets. TPs inhibit growth factor receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway, decrease the activities of mitogen activated protein kinases and activator protein transcription factor-1, block nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway, reduce proteasome activity, lower overexpression of COX-2, subside dihydrofolate reductase and telomerase, and inhibit DNA methylation and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, TPs enhance the inhibitory effect on the growth of cancers by traditional anticancer drugs or targeted antitumor drugs in vitro and in vivo and reverse multidrug resistances of cancer cells to vincristine, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil. Besides, TPs reduce the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin, ameliorate irinotecan-induced side effects in the small intestine of mice, and decrease bleomycin-caused DNA damage in human leukocytes. TPs also increase antitumor activity of vaccine through immunological modulation. TPs play roles of the augmentation of antitumor effects, the reversal of multidrug resistance, and the reduction of side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. TPs could be used as biochemical modulators in cancer therapy.

Lidamycin metabolism in vitro / 药学学报

This paper is to report the study of the metabolism of lidamycin in vitro including in plasma and microsomes to guide clinical therapy. Lidamycin was quantified by detecting its active ingredient using HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic stability of lidamycin in rat, Beagle dog, monkey and human plasma and liver microsomes, and its inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes were studied. Results showed that lidamycin was metabolized in the four species of plasma, and the sequence of metabolic rates in plasma were in rat > in dog > in human > in monkey. But among the four species of liver microsomes, lidamycin was metabolized only in monkey liver microsomes. There was almost no inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms at the concentrations of between 0.0005 and 10 ng x mL(-1). Therefore, the property of lidamycin metabolism in human is similar with that in dog, and metabolism of other drugs would not be decreased by cytochrome P450 as used along with lidamycin in clinic.

Lidamycin inhibits the proliferation of HERG K+ channel highly expressing cancer cells and shows synergy with anticancer drugs / 药学学报

This study is to investigate inhibitory effects of lidamycin (LDM) on the proliferation of HERG K+ channel highly expressing cancer cells and its synergy with anticancer drugs. MTT assay was used to examine the inhibitory effects of lidamycin combined with various anticancer drugs on the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells, human colon cancer HT-29 cells and herg-stably-transfected A549 cells. Using the xenograft model of subcutaneously transplanted HT-29 in nude mice, inhibitory effect was appraised in vivo. The coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) was used to evaluate the synergistic effect of drug combination. LDM significantly inhibited the proliferation ofA549 cells and HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 2.14 and 4.64 ng mL(-1), respectively. The efficacy in HT-29 cells with high HERG potassium expression level is less potent than that in A549 cells with low expression level. In terms of IC50 values, LDM suppressed the growth of herg-stably-transfected A549 cells less potently than pCDNA3.1-stably-transfected A549 cells. There existed synergistic effects in the combinations of fluorouracil (5-FU) and LDM, doxorubicin (DOX) and LDM, or hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) and LDM. CDI values of the combinations of 5-FU and LDM were more than 0.75. CDI values of LDM and DOX were more than 0.70, but some CDI values of LDM and HCPT were less than 0.70. As for the CDI values, synergistic effects of the combination of LDM and HCPT were the most potent of the three groups. There is no relationship between the inhibitory effect of the growth of cancer cells by 5-FU and HERG potassium expression level. HERG expression level negatively correlated with inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells by DOX. HERG expression levels and chemosensitivity were positively correlated for HCPT. In the model of subcutaneously xenograft transplanted HT-29 in vivo, LDM and/or HCPT effectively inhibited the growth of HT-29 in nude mice, and the optimum CDI of the combination of LDM and HCPT was less than 1. HERG expression level negatively correlates the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to LDM. There exist synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo in the combination of LDM and HCPT, which inhibitory effects of the proliferation of cancer cells positively modulated by HERG potassium expression level. HERG K+ channel may become a target of combined therapy for choosing anticancer drugs.

Synergistic effect and its possible mechanisms of lidamycin in combination with TRAIL in NSCLC / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effect and its possible mechanisms of lidamycin (LDM) combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MTT assay was used to determine the growth inhibition of the two ingredients on H460 cells. Apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, flow cytometry assay and DNA-specific dye Hoechst 33342 staining. The level of TRAIL receptor and apoptosis-associated protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the IC50 value of LDM and TRAIL for H460 cells was 4.603 x 10(-10) mol x L(-1) and 915.3 ng x mL(-1) respectively, but the IC50 value of LDM was 3.064 x 10(-11) mol x L(-1) and 1.611 x 10(-11) mol x L(-1) when different concentrations of LDM was combined with 50 and 100 ng x mL(-1) TRAIL respectively. And the CDI value was less than 1. The apoptosis ratios also increased in the combination group relative to the single-agent treatment and the untreated control. Furthermore, the induction of the cleavage of PARP and the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 by the combination were more effective than LDM or TRAIL alone. At last, the level of death receptor 5 (DR5) expressions increased in a dose-dependent manner and time-related pattern. The data indicate that LDM inhibits the growth of H460 cells in vitro. DR5 induction contributes to enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by LDM in human non-small lung cancer cells.

Application of Integral Sterilization in Management of Reusable Medical Appliances / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To reinforce the administration in the management of reusable medical appliances,and to ensure the quality of sterile.METHODS Every step of the integral sterilization were monitored.RESULTS The quality of every link in the course and the end quality of the reusable medical appliances were assured.All the pass-rates of routine examination and sample examination of our hospital and CDC in Zhuhai were 100%.CONCLUSIONS The process of integral sterilization in the management of reusable medical appliances can ensure the quality of sterile materials,and can prevent the nosocomial infections and guarantee the safety of patients.

Analysis of the multi-resistance to antibiotics of clinical isolated klebsiella pneumoniae / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the multi-resistance to antibiotics of clinical isolated klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods The resistance to antibiotics of clinical isolated klebsiella pneumoniae were monitored.The discconfirmatory test was used to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) and cefoxitin three-dimension was used to detect AmpC β-lactamases.Results Among the isolates there were 53 strains of ESBLs-producing bacteria (49.5% ), 30 strains of AmpC-producing bacteria(28.0%), 24 strains of ESBLs + AmpC-producing bacteria (22.46%).They were high resistance to aminoglycosides,quinolones and cephalosporins.Conclusion The multi-resistance to antibiotics of clinical isolated klebsiella pneumoniae were widespread.It is important to control nosocomial infection to strengthen the detection of the epidemiology of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases in clinical isolates.

Phenotypes and Genotypes of Clinical Isolates of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes of clinical isolates of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.METHODS Agar dilution method was used to test the MICs of 11 antibiotics against 67 ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae strains.PCR was performed for amplifying ?-lactamase-encoding genes of SHV-,TEM-,and CTX-M-type,and the PCR products of some strains were cloned and sequenced to identify their gene serotypes.RESULTS With no imipenem-resistant strains among 67 strains,their resistant rates to 10 kinds of antibiotics were 10.45-89.55% The cross-resistant rates to aminoglycosides of 60 strains and to ?-lactams of 44 strains were 88.33% and 40.91%,respectively.The positive rates of SHV-,TEM-,and CTX-M-type for 67 strains were 91.04%,56.72% and 28.36%,respectively,and SHV-12,TEM-1 and CTX-M-3 genotypes were found in 7 strains by cloning and sequencing.CONCLUSIONS Sixty seven strains of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae present a clear feature of multi-resistance and cross-resistance to most of antibiotics except imipenem,among them there are 7 strains producing SHV-12 and CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum ?-lactamase coexistent with TEM-1 broad-spectrum ?-lactamase.

Correlation between Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Mutations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA and parCgenes / 中华皮肤科杂志

ObjectiveToevaluatethecorrelationbetweenfluoroquinoloneresistanceinNeisseriagonor-rhoeaeandmutationsingyrAandparCgenes.Methods①Thesusceptibilities58clinicalisolatesofN.gonorrhoeaeto5fluoroquinolonesweretestedbydiscdiffusionmethod.②Theminimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)ofciprofloxacinwasdeterminedbyE-test.③Thefragmentsincludingthequinoloneresistance-determiningregion(QRDR)wereamplifiedbyPCRingyrAgeneof18strains,andparCgeneof8strains,andtheirrelativefragmentsweredirectlysequenced.Results①Thenumbersofstrainssimultaneouslysensitive,intermediateandresistanttociprofloxacin,ofloxacin,lomefloxacin,fleroxacinandenoxacinwere2,4and39,respectively.②TherangeofciprofloxacinMICwas0.004～12.0?g/mLin58strains.Thenumbersofstrainssensitive,intermediateandresistanttociprofloracinwere2,17and39,respectively.③ThestrainswithciprofloxacinMICfrom0.004～0.016?g/mLhadnomutationingyrAandparCgenes.ThestrainswithMICfrom0.064to0.094?g/mLcarriedasinglepointmutationingyrAgene,whilethestrainswithMIC≥0.25?g/mLcontainedtwomutationsingyrAgene.Inaddition,thestrainswithMIC≤0.25?g/mLhadnomutationinparCgeneandthestrainswithMIC≥1.0?g/mLexhibitedasinglepointmutationinparCgeneandtwomutationsingyrAgene.④Of16strainscontainingmutationingyrAgene,15strainsexhibitedsubstitutionofSer91(TCC)→Phe(TTC).Conclusions①MutationswithingyrAgenemediatelowandmoderatelevelsfluoroquinoloneresistancewhilemutationswithinparCgeneparticipateinhighlevelfluoro-quinoloneresistanceinN.gonorrhoeae.②SubstitutionofSer91→PheingyrAgeneisthepivotalmutationresultinginfluoroquinoloneresistanceinN.gonorrhoeae.

A STUDY OF ENZYME-CONJUGATED SYNTHETIC DNA PROBE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF FALCIPARUM MALARIA / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

A 21-base, Plasmodium falciparum specific, enzyme-conjugated synthetic DNA probe (PFRl-AP) was used for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. The blood samples (53 P. falciparum, 5 P. vivax, and 3 P. f and P.v mixed infection cases ) collected from Hainan province were tested. The samples of 32 college students were used for normal control. The probe proved to be specific and sensitive. 10pg of purified P.f DNA could be always detected, and there was no cross reaction with the purified DNA of human leukocytes. When testing Hainan blood specimens, PFRl-AP specifically detected P.f infections. In dot blot, when Nytran membrane with 50 microliters of treated blood samples being used, 39 out of 52 P.f specimens hybridized with this probe positively. When the volume of blotted sample was increased to one hundred microliters, the accumulative total positive rate rose up to 88.46%. The samples of P.v and normal control showed negative reaction with this probe.