Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con cuerpos extraños en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Central de Maputo observados de 1983 a 2009 / Epidemiological profile of patients with strange bodies in the otorhinolaryngology service of the Central Hospital of Maputo observed from 1983 to 2009

RESUMEN Introducción En los países en desarrollo la problemática de cuerpos extraños (CE) en los Servicios de Otorrinolaringología está mal estudiada, la literatura sobre el tema es escasa. El estudio fue realizado para caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico en pacientes atendidos con CE en el Servicio de ORL/Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM) (período de 1983 a 2009). Objetivo El estudio fue realizado para caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico en pacientes atendidos con cuerpos extraños en el Servicio de ORL del Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM) en el período de 1983 a 2009. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando datos retrospectivos de pacientes con cuerpos extraños atendidos en el HCM. Se recogieron datos demográficos, sobre CE, ubicación anatómica, tratamientos efectuados y complicaciones clínicas. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el SPSS-v15. Los resultados descriptivos se muestran en tablas y gráficos. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 4.826 pacientes. Se observó predominio del sexo masculino y la mayoría pertenecía a la edad pediátrica. Los CE predominantes fueron los metales y la espina de pescado. La región anatómica más afectada fue el canal auditivo externo. Conclusión Este estudio presenta una compilación única que abarca un período de 26 años constituyendo una importante fuente de información al respecto. Demuestra la magnitud del problema en la edad pediátrica y presenta las características de los CE involucrados y las respectivas localizaciones anatómicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction In developing countries, the problem of foreign bodies (FB) in ENT Services is poorly studied and the literature related to the subject is rare. This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological profile in patients treated with FB in ENT Department/Maputo Central Hospital (MCH) (1983-2009 period). Aim This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological profile in patients treated with foreign bodies in ENT Department of Maputo Central Hospital (MCH) in the 1983-2009 period. Material and Method A cross-sectional study was performed using the retrospective data from patients with FB treated at MCH. Demographic data were collected on FB, their anatomical location, any treatment, clinical complications among others. The data were processed using the SPSS-v15. Descriptive results were presented in tables and graphs. Results We included a total of 4826 patients. The most affected population groups were males and children under 14 years. The most frequent FB were metals. The most common anatomical locations of FB was the external ear canal. Conclusions This study presents a unique collection covering a period of 26 years, constituting, therefore, an important source of information on the subject. This study demonstrates the magnitude of the problem in the pediatric age and presents the characteristics of the FB involved and their anatomical locations. The evidence of this study are important to inform clinical prevention and training strategies to deal with this issue at the level of primary health care. This study is important to inform about strategies to prevent it, but also useful in the formation of clinics to better deal with this type of patients at the level of primary health care.

Male Partners' Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Africa: A Systematic Review

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); male partners are rarely present during prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. This systematic review aims to synthesize; from a male perspective; male partners' perceived roles; barriers and enablers of their involvement in PMTCT; and highlights persisting gaps. We carried out a systematic search of papers published between 2002 and 2013 in eng on Google Scholar and PubMed using the following terms: men; male partners; husbands; couples; involvement; participation; Antenatal Care (ANC); PMTCT; SSA countries; HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing and disclosure. A total of 28 qualitative and quantitative original studies from 10 SSA countries were included. Men's perceived role was addressed in 28% (8/28) of the studies. Their role to provide money for ANC/PMTCT fees was stated in 62.5% (5/8) of the studies. For other men; the financial responsibilities seemed to be used as an excuse for not participating. Barriers were cited in 85.7% (24/28) of the studies and included socioeconomic factors; gender role; cultural beliefs; male unfriendly ANC/PMTCT services and providers' abusive attitudes toward men. About 64% (18/28) of the studies reported enablers such as: older age; higher education; being employed; trustful monogamous marriages and providers' politeness. In conclusion; comprehensive PMTCT policies that are socially and culturally sensitive to both women and men need to be developed

Tinea capitis among children at one suburban primary school in the City of Maputo, Mozambique

This study evaluated the prevalence of Tinea capitis among schoolchildren at one primary school and also identified the causative agents. Scalp flakes were collected from children presenting clinical signs suggestive of Tinea capitis. Dermatophytes were identified by following standard mycological procedures. This study found a clinical prevalence of Tinea capitis of 9.6 percent (110/1149). The dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton violaceum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most prevalent causative agent in this study was Microsporum audouinii, thus confirming the findings from previous cross-sectional studies carried out in the city of Maputo.

O estudo avaliou a prevalência da Tinea capitis na população estudantil duma Escola Primária e também identificou os agentes causais responsáveis. Escamas do couro cabeludo foram recolhidas das crianças apresentando sinais clínicos sugestivos de Tinea capitis. Dermatófitos foram identificados seguindo procedimentos micológicos padronizados. Este estudo encontrou uma prevalência clínica de Tinea capitis de 9,6 por cento (110/1149). Os dermatófitos isolados foram Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton violaceum e Trichophyton mentagrophytes. O agente causal mais prevalente neste estudo foi Microsporum audouinii confirmando os achados dos estudos transversais anteriores levados a cabo na Cidade de Maputo.