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Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a typical condition for women of reproductive age. It can be painful and uncomfortable, create social disgrace, and have a considerable impact on health-related quality of life. Several studies have shown that ormeloxifene and norethisterone are useful in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, however there is a scarcity of data comparing the efficacy and safety of these medicines. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted over 100 women, age group of 30-50 years, attending the gynecology outpatient department with subjective complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding at a tertiary care hospital, in Hyderabad. Group A (n=50) received 60 mg of ormeloxifene and Group B (n=50) received 5mg of norethisterone, respectively. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Results: 38% aged 41-45, 86% had irregular cycles, 76% reported subjective improvement in group A, and 38% in group B. Group A showed a mean difference of 80.22 in decreasing PBAC score, 0.70 in hemoglobin rise, and 3.5 in decreasing ET, while group B showed 53.70 in PBAC decrease, 0.28 in hemoglobin rise, and 1.76 in endometrial thickness reduction. Both groups have no notable side effects and no significant p value. Conclusions: Reducing PBAC score, subjective improvement, hemoglobin, and endometrial thickness with ormeloxifene and norethisterone works. Ormeloxifene has a far greater effect than norethisterone and has fewer adverse effects.
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Background: The prevalence of type 2 DM is alarmingly rising on a global scale. Improved treatments for type 2 DM are still needed, in order to slow the disease抯 development. A role in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has been suggested by the correlation between vitamin D insufficiency and several non-skeletal illnesses, including DM. The goal of the study was to determine if vitamin D supplementation may help type 2 DM patients whose glycemic status was uncontrolled even after using oral antidiabetics. Methods: 60 individuals with type 2 DM and vitamin D insufficiency participated in this 12-week open-label, before-and-after study. For 12 weeks, in addition to oral anti-diabetic medications, these patients also received 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 orally every week. HbA1c, FBS, and 25(OH)D levels parameters were included. Results: The majority of the patients were from 41-50 years of age group (48.3%) with a male predominance (60%). Most of them were having >1 year of type 2 DM duration (78.3%) with a high family history of type 2 DM (70%). After 12 weeks, there was a substantial (p<0.001*) drop in FBG levels and a significant (p<0.001*) decrease in HbA1c. 25(OH)D levels showed a high rise (p<0.001*). None of the patients had any side effects. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment improves glycemic status, which slows the development of type 2 DM and its associated effects. As such, vitamin D supplementation is a safe and promising adjuvant treatment for individuals with type 2 diabetes who are low in vitamin D.
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Background: Irrational use of antimicrobials and inaccurate practicing behavior leads to the issue of antibiotic resistance. This can be tackled by spreading awareness with the assistance of future medical practitioners. Hence, the present study was taken to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practicing behavior regarding antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among interns and postgraduates., , Methods: The study was conducted on interns and postgraduates in a tertiary care hospital. A standardized questionnaire was distributed to 120 participants and Ethical approval was taken before the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. For data comparisons, Chi-square tests were used, p?0.05 is considered significant., , Results: The study showed a majority in the 25 to 34 years of age group with female predominance. The subject of antibiotic resistance was moderately relevant to a majority, which highlighted a need for an increase in awareness workshops. The actual knowledge of respondents seems to be accurate in the study, a fair amount of attitude and practicing behavior was observed as well. A significant difference between the interns and postgraduates in knowledge (?2=13.736, p=0.03), attitude (?2=68.091, p=0.01), and practice (?2=34.821, p=0.01) were noticed., , Conclusions: Accurate knowledge and practicing behavior were observed in postgraduates and a fair attitude was observed in interns towards antimicrobial use and resistance. The awareness must be extended regarding this issue by conducting educational programs and by updating guidelines. Advancement in antibiotic prescribing pattern is required.
RESUMEN
Background: Antimicrobials' irrational use is leading to antimicrobial resistance. This situation has become a public health care issue and must be tackled by clinicians. The awareness about antimicrobial resistance and proper usage by patients must be looked after by clinicians. Hence, the present study was taken to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practicing behaviour regarding antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among clinicians. Methods: The study was conducted on clinicians in a tertiary care hospital. A standardized questionnaire was distributed to 110 participants and ethical approval was taken before the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. For data comparisons, chi-square tests were used. P?0.05*, considered significant. Results: The study showed a majority in the 25-34 years of age group with male predominance. Many belonged to the 1-0 years of practicing group and the majority were physicians. The antibiotic resistance subject was highly relevant to clinicians, according to them awareness can be spread by proper and precise intake of antibiotics by patients. The relationship between the predominant age group and years of practice revealed good knowledge (?2=56.703, p=0.01), fair attitude (?2=69.556, p=0.01), and good practicing behavior (?2=43.047, p=0.01). Conclusions: Clinicians were aware of antimicrobial resistance issue globally but irrelevant in their own practice. Patient awareness campaigns and educational programs need to be conducted. Lack of time and patient interest are the barriers to be overcome to spread awareness. The prescribing of antimicrobials should be in a controlled way with the implementation of ethical principles for better patients' health safety.