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@#We present a rare case of post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) paradoxically worsening of radiological findings in a patient with advanced HIV-infection on treatment for Rhodococcus pneumonia who was misdiagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Despite clinical improvement, serial chest radiographs showed deteriorations a month after starting ART. This was attributed to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) which spontaneously resolved without any treatment.
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@#Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is present in 0.4% of live births and in 7% of patients with congenital heart disease. While there may be florid presentations of congestive heart failure in the neonatal period, the diagnosis during adulthood is often delayed. We encountered a 20-year-old woman who was discovered to be hypertensive on routine check-up. Following bilateral abnormal renal doppler sonography, MR angiogram revealed a short-segment stenosis of the descending thoracic aorta. Review of her chest radiograph showed a small aortic knuckle. This case highlights an unconventional algorithm in diagnosing aortic coarctation in adulthood.
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Acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is an uncommon disease with characteristic clinical and imaging findings. We present two cases of ANEC secondary to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and mycoplasma infections. An eight-month-old boy presented with features of gastroenteritis but soon developed multiple episodes of seizures. Blood and CSF cultures were negative but nasopharyngeal aspirate immunofluorescence was positive for RSV. A nine-year-old girl presented with abnormal behaviour following two days of prodromal symptoms. Her serological markers implicated mycoplasma (IgM titre 1: 640). CT brain of both patients showed bilateral symmetrical thalamic hypodensities, while MRI revealed more extensive white matter involvements.