RESUMEN
Objective: To determine the visual outcome of laser treatment in clinically significant macular edema
Methods:This interventional and qausi experimental study was carried out at Diabetic Association of Pakistan [DAP] during January 2011 and December 2012. Approval was taken from Research Ethical Committee of Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology. Records of 925 eyes of 464 patients with "Clinical Significant macular edema" [CSME], treated with laser photocoagulation were analyzed. Bestcorrected visual acuity [BCVA] at the time of presentation and at the last follow up, minimum of one year and maximum of 45 months was recorded and compared. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data
Results:Diabetic retinopathy was found in 20.3% [1777] of 8742 diabetic attending DAP Hospital" amongst whom 39.6% [705] had Sight threatening diabetic retinopathy. Laser was advised in 96.4% [680] individuals, accepted by 70.5% [480] individuals. Amongst 960 eyes of 480 patients who accepted laser, 925 eyes had clinically significant macular edema and 35 eyes had PDR who are not included in this study. Amongst 925 eyes with CSME, Grid laser was done in 913 eyes [99%] and focal laser was done in 12 eyes [1%]. After a follow up of 12 to 45 months, it was found that best corrected visual acuity had declined in 2.4% [22] eyes, stabilized in 67% [619] eyes and improved in 30.7% [284] eyes. One line improvement on Snellen's chart was fond in 21.3% [197] eyes, 2 lines in 8% [74] eyes, 3 lines in 1.2% [12] eyes and 4 lines in one [0.1%] eye with p-value of 0.000
Conclusion:Laser therapy is an effective treatment in stabilizing/improving the vision in diabetic macular edema particularly at those centers where only Argon Laser is available and OCF, FFA facilities do not exist
RESUMEN
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices [KAP] towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the general population of Bin Qasim Town [BQ], Karachi. An observational, cross-sectional study was approved by Research Ethical Committee of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital. It included every third household by stratified sampling in each Union Council of [BQ] Town, in the months of May to July 2013. The interview Questionnaire included 43 questions, of qualitative and quantitative aspects, which were awarded 56 scoring points. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Six hundred ninety two adults one from each household were interviewed. Of the total respondents, 271 [39.2%] had diabetes. Lowest mean knowledge score [5.28 +/- 6.09] was seen in illiterate respondents. Male's Mean Knowledge score [7.61 +/- 6.600] was better than female's [5.46 +/- 6.21] with P <0.001. Over all mean score of Attitudes towards diabetes was 5.43 +/- 2.57. It was higher [6.62 +/- 2.03] in diabetic respondents as compared with non-diabetic respondents [4.70 +/- 2.59] with p < 0.000. In Practice module majority of the respondents [69.9%] did not exercise, 49% took high caloric snacks between meals and 87% ate outside home once a month, 56.8% diabetics visited ophthalmologist for routine eye examination; but only 9.2% asked for retinal examination. Lack of knowledge of diabetes was found in the surveyed community, more marked in females, illiterate and the individuals not having diabetes
RESUMEN
To determine the proportion of Diabetes Mellitus [DM] in patients with documented first episode of Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI], in both genders. A prospective, case control observational study. Emergency Room, CCU and Medical wards of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana, Pakistan, from January 2005 to August 2005. 200 patients 100 consecutive males and 100 consecutive females, presenting with definite first episode of AMI. Diagnosis of D.M established on previous history of D.M, medical record and medications used by patient, patients without previous diagnosis of D.M [Undiagnosed], were diagnosed by performing Fasting Plasma Glucose [FPG], once within around 72 hours and 8 weeks later on. Out of 200 patients 49 [24.5%] were known diabetics, 20 [10%] revealed hyperglycemia [suspected diabetics] on routine plasma glucose level and Fasting Plasma Glucose [FPG] petformed within 72 hours of the onset of AMI and on subsequent follow up after 8 weeks, FPG level performed revealed 12 [6%] newly diagnosed definitive diabetics, while 5 [2.5%] revealed Impaired Glucose Tolerance Test [GTT] and 3 [1.5%] were found to be non-diabetics, so that a total 61 [30.5%] were labeled as diabetics. one out of every three patients with AMI had DM, elevated levels of random blood glucose and FPG at the time of admission are not reliable measures to establish the diagnosis of diabetes in cases of AMI and thus follow up measurements after a period of 6-8 weeks are necessary to establish the diagnosis. Awareness in general public regarding deleterious effects of DM should be promoted