Prevention and treatment of oral adverse effects of antiresorptive medications for osteoporosis - A position paper of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), Brazilian Society of Stomatology and Oral Pathology (Sobep), and Brazilian Association for Bone Evaluation and Osteometabolism (Abrasso)

ABSTRACT Antiresorptive therapy is the main form of prevention of osteoporotic or fragility fractures. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively rare but severe adverse reaction to antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs. Physicians and dentists caring for patients taking these drugs and requiring invasive procedures face a difficult decision because of the potential risk of MRONJ. The aim of this study was to discuss the risk factors for the development of MRONJ and prevention of this complication in patients with osteoporosis taking antiresorptive drugs and requiring invasive dental treatment. For this goal, a task force with representatives from three professional associations was appointed to review the pertinent literature and discuss systemic and local risk factors, prevention of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, and management of established MRONJ. Although scarce evidence links the use of antiresorptive agents in the context of osteoporosis to the development of MRONJ, these agents are considered a risk factor for this complication. Despite the rare reports of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis, the severity of symptoms and impact of MRONJ in the patients' quality of life make it imperative for health care professionals to consider this complication when planning invasive dental procedures.

Reference values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D revisited: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine (SBPC)

ABSTRACT Hypovitaminosis D is a common condition with a negative impact on health. This statement, prepared by experts from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, includes methodological aspects and limitations of the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] for identification of vitamin D status, and identifies individuals at increased risk for deficiency of this vitamin in whom 25(OH)D measurement is recommended. For the general population, 25(OH)D levels between 20 and 60 ng/mL are considered normal, while individuals with levels below 20 ng/mL are considered to be vitamin D deficient. This statement identifies potential benefits of maintaining 25(OH)D levels > 30 ng/mL in specific conditions, including patients aged > 65 years or pregnant, those with recurrent falls, fragility fractures, osteoporosis, secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, or cancer, and individuals using drugs with the potential to affect the vitamin D metabolism. This statement also calls attention to the risk of vitamin D intoxication, a life-threatening condition that occurs at 25(OH)D levels above 100 ng/mL

Tumor-induced osteomalacia: a case report / Osteomalácia induzida por tumor: relato de caso

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplasic syndrome with overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 as a phosphaturic agent, leading to chronic hyperphosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, associated with inappropriately normal or low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Diagnosis of this disease is often challenging. The following case report described a middle-aged man with symptoms of bone pain and severe muscle weakness, who was found to have TIO. The tumor responsible for the symptoms was localized on his thigh and its resection resulted in normalization of blood chemistry and complaints. Subsequent microscopic examination revealed a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed connective tissue type. The authors reinforce the importance of recognition of this disease, as severe disability and even death can be avoided with the surgical removal of the causative tumor.

Osteomalácia induzida por tumor (OIT) é uma síndrome paraneoplásica rara, causada por hiperprodução do agente fosfatúrico, levando a hipofosfatemia e hiperfosfatúria crônicas, associadas a níveis reduzidos ou inapropriadamente normais de 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D. O diagnóstico dessa doença é, geralmente, desafiador. O relato de caso aqui apresentado descreveu um homem de meia-idade, com quadro inicial de dor óssea, fraqueza muscular extrema e hipofosfatemia, com diagnóstico tardio de OIT. O tumor responsável pelos sintomas foi localizado em membro inferior, e sua exérese resultou em normalização das alterações bioquímicas e dos sintomas. O exame microscópico da lesão revelou tumor mesenquimal fosfatúrico, tecido conectivo misto. Os autores reforçam a importância do reconhecimento dessa entidade, uma vez que a remoção do tumor responsável pelos sintomas pode evitar sérias complicações ou mesmo a morte.

Punçäo aspirativa da tireóide por agulha fina: correlaçäo cito-histológica, estudo baseado em 50 casos / Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid: cytopathology correlation, study based on 50 cases

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a eficácia da punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) da tireóide comparando-a com o diagnóstico histopatológico. Os autores avaliaram os resultados citológicos de 50 pacientes atendidos no período de dezembro de 1995 a julho de 1997, nos Departamentos de Citopatologia, Anatomia Patológica e Cirurgia da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. No mesmo período foram realizados 256 PAAF de tireóide, sendo que somente 50 pacientes foram à cirurgia e puderam ter os diagnósticos citológicos comparados aos histológicos. O grupo estudado consistiu em 40 mulheres e 10 homens, com idades variando entre 10 e 79 anos, sendo a maior incidência observada nas 4ª e 5ª décadas...