Effects of blood and root-dentin cleaning on the porosity and bond strength of a collagen bioceramic material

Abstract To assess the effect of cleaning protocols on dentin contaminated with blood in reparative endodontic materials, bovine root samples were divided: no contamination (N); contamination (P); contamination and cleaning with saline (S), 2.5% NaOCl+saline (Na) or 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA+saline (NaE) and filled with: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-aluminate-cement (C), or C+collagen (Ccol) (n=13). The samples were evaluated for porosity, chemical composition, and bond strength. MTA porosity was lower than C (p=0.02) and higher than Ccol (p<0.001). P and NaE were similar (p=1.00), but higher than the other groups (p<0.001). MTA bond strength was similar to Ccol (p=0.777) and lower than C (p=0.028). P presented lower bond strength than the N (p<0.001); S and Na were similar to each other (p=0.969), but higher than P and lower than N (p<0.001). It was observed a predominance of mixed and cohesive failures. None of the samples showed Ca/P ratio values similar to human hydroxyapatite. This study showed that contamination with blood increased the materials porosity, but dentin cleaning with 2.5% NaOCl reduced this effect, and the collagen additive reduced the material porosity. Furthermore, blood contamination reduced the materials bond strength, and cleaning with saline or 2.5% NaOCl diminished this effect.

Resumo As amostras de raízes bovinas foram divididas em: sem contaminação (N); contaminação sanguínea (P); contaminação sanguínea e limpeza com soro fisiológico (S), 2,5% NaOCl+soro fisiológico (Na) ou 2,5% NaOCl+17%EDTA+soro fisiológico (NaE) e preenchido com: agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA), cimento de aluminato de cálcio (C), ou C+colágeno (Ccol) (n=13). A porosidade do MTA foi menor que C (p=0,02) e maior que Ccol (p<0,001). P e NaE foram semelhantes (p=1,00), mas superiores aos demais grupos (p<0,001). A resistência de união do MTA foi semelhante ao Ccol (p=0,777) e inferior ao C (p=0,028). P apresentou menor resistência de união que o N (p<0,001); S e Na foram semelhantes entre si (p=0,969), porém maiores que P e menores que N (p<0,001). Este estudo mostrou que a contaminação com sangue aumentou a porosidade dos cimentos, mas a limpeza da dentina com NaOCl 2,5% reduziu esse efeito, e o aditivo de colágeno reduziu a porosidade dos cimentos. Além disso, a contaminação sanguínea reduziu a resistência de união dos cimentos e a limpeza com solução salina ou NaOCl 2,5% diminuiu esse efeito.

Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity: [review]

Plants have been used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. The knowledge of their healing properties has been transmitted over the centuries within and among human communities. Active compounds produced during secondary vegetal metabolism are usually responsible for the biological properties of some plant species used throughout the globe for various purposes, including treatment of infectious diseases. Currently, data on the antimicrobial activity of numerous plants, so far considered empirical, have been scientifically confirmed, concomitantly with the increasing number of reports on pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials. Products derived from plants may potentially control microbial growth in diverse situations and in the specific case of disease treatment, numerous studies have aimed to describe the chemical composition of these plant antimicrobials and the mechanisms involved in microbial growth inhibition, either separately or associated with conventional antimicrobials. Thus, in the present work, medicinal plants with emphasis on their antimicrobial properties are reviewed.

Aspectos epidemiologicos da paracoccidioidomicose na area endemica de Botucatu (Sao Paulo - Brasil). / Epidemiological aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis in the endemic area of Botucatu (Sao Paulo - Brazil)

Estudamos o perfil epidemiologico de 176 pacientes portadores de paracoccidioidomicose atendidos no Hospital das Clinicas de Botucatu, tendo sido delimitada a area endemica correspondente e investigadas as caracteristicas de seu ecosistema. Como controle, utilizou-se grupo de 29063 pacientes com outras afeccoes, atendidos no mesmo Hospital, durante o mesmo periodo.Observou-se: 1) A relacao de pacientes masculino/feminino foi de 10,7/1; 2) 54% dos pacientes tinham entre 35 e 54 anos; 3) A frequencia de individuos pardos com paracoccidioidomicose (9,7%) foi maior quando comparada com a do grupo controle (2,7%); 4) Lavradores e pedreiros forneceram o principal grupo profissional entre os doentes com paracoccidioidomicose; 5) 80% dos pacientes originaram-se da regiao centro-sudoeste do Estado de Sao Paulo, especialmente de Botucatu, Sao Manuel e Avare (area endemica de Botucatu); 6) Esta area endemica localiza-se entre os 22 graus01' e 23 graus37' de latitude sul, possuindo temperatura anual entre 18 a 24 graus C; pluviosidade anual entre 1187 a 1463 mm; altitude entre 400 a 873 m; solos acidos e predominantemente pobre