Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of alcesefoliside from Astragalus monspessulanus

Abstract The hepatoprotective potential of alcesefoliside (AF) from Astragalus monspessulanus was investigated. Iron sulphate/ascorbic acid (Fe2+/AA) lipid peroxidation was induced in rat liver microsomes and pre-incubated with AF and silybin (100, 10 and 1 µmol). Pronounced effects were observed in 100 µmol. In vivo experiments were carried out on rats, challenged orally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) alone and after pre-treatment and followed by curative treatment with AF (10 mg/kg). The activity of the serum and antioxidant enzymes, together with reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and malonedialdehyde (MDA) quantity were measured. Microsomal incubation with Fe2+/AA increased MDA production. The pre-incubation with AF reduced the formation of MDA, comparable to silybin. These findings were supported by the in vivo study where CCl4-induced liver damage was discerned by significant increase in serum enzymes and in MDA production as well as by GSH depletion and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity. The AF pre-treatment and consecutive curative treatment normalizes the activity of the serum and antioxidant enzymes alike, as well as the levels of GSH and MDA. Histological examination of AF-treated livers showed a decrease in the abnormal accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes as well as reduced alterative changes in their structure in a model of CCl4-induced toxicity.

Alcesefoliside protects against oxidative brain injury in rats

ABSTRACT This study investigated the possible antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of alcesefoliside, isolated from Astragalus monspessulanus L., Fabaceae, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced brain injury in Wistar rats. Iron sulphate/ascorbic acid lipid peroxidation was induced in rat brain microsomes and pre-incubated with alcesefoliside and silybin. Male rats were treated in vivo with alcesefoliside and with silymarin alone; animals challenged with CCl4; and pre-treated with alcesefoliside or silymarin in respective doses for 7 days, challenged with CCl4, followed by curative treatment (additional 14 days). The activity of acetylcholine esterase and the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide-dismutase, catalase, glutathione-peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as the biomarkers of oxidative stress malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were measured. The alcesefoliside pre-treatment and consecutive curative treatment normalizes the activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as levels of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione. The observed effects on tissue level correlate with the histopathological observations of the brain. They were comparable to the effects of silymarin, used as a positive control. The results showed that alcesefoliside has a neuroprotective effect against CCl4-induced brain toxicity in rats.

Phytochemical Evaluation and Effect of Saponins’ Mixture Isolated from Astragalus monspessulanus on HepG2 Cell Line.

Aims: Purified saponin fraction was obtained from butanol extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus monspessulanus var. monspessulanus. The fraction was analyzed by HPLC and six saponins were determined. The saponin mixture was investigated for possible cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line. Study Design: HPLC, in vitro study, biochemical analysis - lactate dehydrogenase leakage in medium Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Drug metabolism and drug toxicity, between September and November 2013. Methodology: The saponin mixture was studied on HepG2 cell line in 3 different concentrations –1, 2, 4 mg/ml for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The release of lactate dehydrogenase in the medium was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: It was found that the saponins have statistically significant cytotoxicity only in the highest concentration 4 mg/ml on 48 and 72 hours. At this concentration the sample increased the level of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) with 37 % on 48 h and with 52 % on 72 h. Conclusion: Purified saponin fraction, isolated from Astragalus monspessulanus was found to be cytotoxic at the highest concentration 4 mg/ml on 48 and 72 hours in HepG2 cell line.